The MSSQL MCP Server exposes 19 tools through a single partialDocumentation Index
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Tools class. Tools are organised into three categories: read-only inspection, write/DDL, and AI Insights cache management. Every tool — regardless of category — returns a consistent DbOperationResult object containing a success flag, an optional error message, an optional rowsAffected count, and a tool-specific data payload.
Read-only inspection tools
These six tools query system catalogs and user data without modifying any state. They do not require the AI Insights layer to function, but when the layer is enabled they automatically attach cached insight metadata to their responses.| Tool | Title | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
ListObjects | List Objects | Lists objects by type: Table, View, StoredProcedure, TableFunction, ScalarFunction, Function, TableTrigger, SysObject. Optional partialName does a LIKE filter on name and schema.name. |
DescribeTable | Describe Table | Full table metadata: columns (type, nullability, descriptions), indexes, constraints, foreign keys, and triggers. |
DescribeView | Describe View | View metadata, column list, and full T-SQL definition. |
GetObject | Get Object | Stored procedure, function, or trigger: parameters (where applicable) plus definition. objectType accepts StoredProcedure, Function, or Trigger. |
ReadData | Read Data | All read-only SELECT and WITH … SELECT queries — including sys.*, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and DMVs. |
GetServerInfo | Get Server Info | Server version/edition, hardware DMVs (with graceful degradation), and user-database counts. |
Write & DDL tools
These five tools modify schema or data and are marked with MCP capability flags so clients can surface confirmation prompts to users before executing destructive operations.| Tool | MCP flags | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
CreateTable | write | Run a CREATE TABLE statement. |
DropTable | write, destructive | Run a DROP TABLE statement. Confirm with the user before calling. |
InsertData | write | Run a single INSERT statement. |
UpdateData | write, destructive | Run a single UPDATE statement. Always include a WHERE clause. |
ExecuteSQL | write, destructive | DDL/DML only — INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE, CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, EXEC, and similar. SELECT is rejected — use ReadData instead. Multi-batch GO scripts are not supported. |
AI Insights tools
Eight tools manage the optional AI Insights cache layer. They read from and write to theAIInsights schema installed by InstallInsightsLayer.
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
InsightsCheck | Reports layer install state, DDL audit presence, insight row count, and the DDL processing watermark. |
InstallInsightsLayer | Idempotent install of the AIInsights schema plus SchemaInsights, InsightHistory, DdlChangeWatermark, dbo.DDL_AuditLog, and the DDL_Audit trigger. |
GetInsight | Read the cached insight and freshness status for one named object. |
UpsertInsight | Create or update a cached insight (UPDATE-then-INSERT; schema fingerprint captured server-side). |
ListInsights | Return recent rows from AIInsights.SchemaInsights. |
GetInsightHistory | Return archived rows from AIInsights.InsightHistory. |
RefreshInsights | Process the DDL backlog and fingerprint drift; returns recent summaries. |
RebuildBaselineInsights | Bulk-warm mechanical baselines (schemaName?, objectType?, take 1–2000). |
Insight tools require
InstallInsightsLayer to be run once per database before they become functional. When USE_INSIGHTS_LAYER=false, insight-specific tools return errors or empty status, and introspection tools (DescribeTable, DescribeView, GetObject) skip insight enrichment entirely.Read vs execute routing
TheSqlStatementClassifier enforces a strict split between the two SQL-execution tools:
ReadDataaccepts onlySELECTstatements and read-onlyWITH … SELECTCTEs.SELECT … INTOis explicitly rejected and routed toExecuteSQL.ExecuteSQLaccepts DDL and DML statements (INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,MERGE,CREATE,ALTER,DROP,TRUNCATE,EXEC,EXECUTE,GRANT,REVOKE,DENY,BACKUP,RESTORE). AnySELECTor read-onlyWITH … SELECTis rejected with a message directing the caller toReadData.
ReadData
Read-only SELECT and CTE queries
ExecuteSQL
DDL and DML execution