Overview
The Cita model represents scheduled appointments in the DentControl system. It manages the relationship between patients, dentists, services, and treatments, ensuring proper scheduling and preventing conflicts.
Table Schema
Primary key column (auto-incrementing)
Includes created_at and updated_at columns
Fields
Relationships
Foreign key to the patient
Foreign key to the dentist/user providing the service
Foreign key to the service catalog entry
Optional foreign key to an existing treatment plan
Scheduling
Appointment date (format: YYYY-MM-DD)
Appointment time (format: HH:MM:SS)
Reason for consultation/visit
Unique Constraints
The model enforces a unique constraint on the combination of:
id_usuario (dentist)fecha (date)hora (time)
This prevents double-booking of dentists.
Relationships
paciente
Type: belongsTo
An appointment belongs to one patient.
$cita->paciente; // Paciente model instance
id_paciente
usuario
Type: belongsTo
An appointment is assigned to one dentist/user.
$cita->usuario; // Usuario model instance
id_usuario
tratamiento
Type: belongsTo
An appointment may be part of a treatment plan.
$cita->tratamiento; // Tratamiento model instance or null
id_tratamiento
servicio
Type: belongsTo
An appointment is for a specific service.
$cita->servicio; // CatalogoServicios model instance
id_cat_servicio
Example Usage
Creating a New Appointment
use App\Models\Cita;
$cita = Cita::create([
'id_paciente' => 1,
'id_usuario' => 5,
'id_cat_servicio' => 3,
'id_tratamiento' => 10,
'fecha' => '2026-03-15',
'hora' => '10:00:00',
'motivo_consulta' => 'Revisión de ortodoncia'
]);
Retrieving Appointment with Relationships
// Get appointment with all related data
$cita = Cita::with(['paciente', 'usuario', 'servicio', 'tratamiento'])
->find($id);
// Get full patient name and dentist name
$nombrePaciente = $cita->paciente->nombre . ' ' .
$cita->paciente->apellido_paterno;
$nombreDentista = $cita->usuario->nombre . ' ' .
$cita->usuario->apellido_paterno;
Querying Appointments
// Get appointments for a specific date
$citasDelDia = Cita::where('fecha', '2026-03-15')
->with(['paciente', 'usuario'])
->orderBy('hora', 'asc')
->get();
// Get upcoming appointments for a patient
$proximasCitas = Cita::where('id_paciente', $pacienteId)
->where('fecha', '>=', now())
->orderBy('fecha', 'asc')
->orderBy('hora', 'asc')
->get();
// Get dentist's schedule for the week
$semana = Cita::where('id_usuario', $usuarioId)
->whereBetween('fecha', [$startDate, $endDate])
->orderBy('fecha', 'asc')
->orderBy('hora', 'asc')
->get();
Checking Availability
// Check if dentist is available at specific time
$conflict = Cita::where('id_usuario', $usuarioId)
->where('fecha', $fecha)
->where('hora', $hora)
->exists();
if ($conflict) {
// Time slot is not available
}
Updating an Appointment
$cita = Cita::find($id);
$cita->update([
'fecha' => '2026-03-20',
'hora' => '14:00:00',
'motivo_consulta' => 'Control post-tratamiento'
]);
Appointments by Treatment
// Get all appointments for a specific treatment
$citasTratamiento = Cita::where('id_tratamiento', $tratamientoId)
->with(['servicio'])
->orderBy('fecha', 'asc')
->get();
Calendar Integration Example
// Get monthly calendar view
public function getCalendarData($year, $month, $usuarioId)
{
$startDate = Carbon::create($year, $month, 1);
$endDate = $startDate->copy()->endOfMonth();
return Cita::where('id_usuario', $usuarioId)
->whereBetween('fecha', [$startDate, $endDate])
->with(['paciente', 'servicio'])
->get()
->groupBy('fecha')
->map(function ($citas) {
return $citas->sortBy('hora');
});
}
Model Definition
Location: app/Models/Cita.php
protected $fillable = [
'id_paciente',
'id_usuario',
'id_cat_servicio',
'id_tratamiento',
'fecha',
'hora',
'motivo_consulta'
];
Database Constraints
- Foreign key cascade delete on
id_paciente, id_usuario, id_tratamiento, id_cat_servicio, and id_clinica
- Unique constraint on
(id_usuario, fecha, hora) combination
