Reservation System

Overview

The reservation system manages bed bookings with automated availability checking, bed assignment, and a multi-state approval workflow.

Reservation States

Reservations progress through three states:

Pendiente (Pending)

Initial state when user creates a reservation. Awaits admin approval.

Reservada (Approved)

Admin has approved the reservation. Beds are confirmed.

Cancelada (Cancelled)

Reservation has been cancelled by user or rejected by admin.

Creating a Reservation

User Reservation Flow

Users create reservations through viewSocio.php which calls crear_reserva() in functions.php:894-968:

function crear_reserva($conexion, $datos)
{
    // Validate number of beds
    $numero_camas = isset($datos['numero_camas']) ? (int) $datos['numero_camas'] : 1;
    if ($numero_camas < 1) {
        throw new Exception("Debes reservar al menos 1 cama");
    }

    // Find available beds in the room
    $stmt = $conexion->prepare("
        SELECT id FROM camas
        WHERE id_habitacion = :id_habitacion
        AND id NOT IN (
            SELECT DISTINCT c.id
            FROM camas c
            INNER JOIN reservas_camas rc ON c.id = rc.id_cama
            INNER JOIN reservas r ON rc.id_reserva = r.id
            WHERE c.id_habitacion = :id_habitacion
            AND r.estado IN ('pendiente', 'reservada')
            AND (r.fecha_inicio <= :fecha_fin AND r.fecha_fin >= :fecha_inicio)
        )
        ORDER BY numero
        LIMIT :numero_camas
    ");

    $stmt->bindParam(':id_habitacion', $datos['id_habitacion'], PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $stmt->bindParam(':fecha_inicio', $datos['fecha_inicio']);
    $stmt->bindParam(':fecha_fin', $datos['fecha_fin']);
    $stmt->bindParam(':numero_camas', $numero_camas, PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $stmt->execute();

    $camas_disponibles = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);

    if (count($camas_disponibles) < $numero_camas) {
        throw new Exception("No hay suficientes camas disponibles en esta habitación");
    }

    // Insert reservation with 'pendiente' status
    $stmt = $conexion->prepare("
        INSERT INTO reservas (id_usuario, id_habitacion, numero_camas, 
                             fecha_inicio, fecha_fin, estado)
        VALUES (:id_usuario, :id_habitacion, :numero_camas, 
               :fecha_inicio, :fecha_fin, 'pendiente')
    ");

    $stmt->bindParam(':id_usuario', $datos['id_usuario'], PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $stmt->bindParam(':id_habitacion', $datos['id_habitacion'], PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $stmt->bindParam(':numero_camas', $numero_camas, PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $stmt->bindParam(':fecha_inicio', $datos['fecha_inicio']);
    $stmt->bindParam(':fecha_fin', $datos['fecha_fin']);

    $stmt->execute();
    $id_reserva = $conexion->lastInsertId();

    // Create relationship between reservation and assigned beds
    $stmt_cama = $conexion->prepare(
        "INSERT INTO reservas_camas (id_reserva, id_cama) 
         VALUES (:id_reserva, :id_cama)"
    );

    // Update bed status
    $stmt_update = $conexion->prepare(
        "UPDATE camas SET estado = 'pendiente' WHERE id = :id_cama"
    );

    foreach ($camas_disponibles as $id_cama) {
        $stmt_cama->bindParam(':id_reserva', $id_reserva, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt_cama->bindParam(':id_cama', $id_cama, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt_cama->execute();

        $stmt_update->bindParam(':id_cama', $id_cama, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt_update->execute();
    }

    return $id_reserva;
}

Reservations check for overlapping dates using the condition: r.fecha_inicio <= :fecha_fin AND r.fecha_fin >= :fecha_inicio

Admin-Created Reservations

Admins can create pre-approved reservations using crear_reserva_para_socio() in functions.php:809-886:

function crear_reserva_para_socio($conexion, $datos)
{
    try {
        $conexion->beginTransaction();

        $numero_camas = isset($datos['numero_camas']) ? (int) $datos['numero_camas'] : 1;
        if ($numero_camas < 1) {
            throw new Exception("Debes reservar al menos 1 cama");
        }

        // Find available beds... (same logic as crear_reserva)

        // Create reservation with 'reservada' status (auto-approved)
        $stmt = $conexion->prepare("
            INSERT INTO reservas (id_usuario, id_habitacion, numero_camas, 
                                 fecha_inicio, fecha_fin, estado)
            VALUES (:id_usuario, :id_habitacion, :numero_camas, 
                   :fecha_inicio, :fecha_fin, 'reservada')
        ");

        // ... bind and execute

        $conexion->commit();
        return $id_reserva;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $conexion->rollBack();
        error_log("Error al crear reserva para socio: " . $e->getMessage());
        return false;
    }
}

Approval Workflow

Approving Reservations

Admins approve pending reservations through actualizar_estado_reserva() in functions.php:1163-1210:

function actualizar_estado_reserva($conexion, $id, $estado)
{
    try {
        $conexion->beginTransaction();

        // Get beds assigned to this reservation
        $stmt = $conexion->prepare(
            "SELECT id_cama FROM reservas_camas WHERE id_reserva = :id"
        );
        $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt->execute();
        $camas = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);

        if (empty($camas)) {
            $conexion->rollBack();
            return false;
        }

        // Update reservation status
        $stmt = $conexion->prepare(
            "UPDATE reservas SET estado = :estado WHERE id = :id"
        );
        $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt->bindParam(':estado', $estado);
        $stmt->execute();

        // Update bed status accordingly
        $estado_cama = 'libre';
        if ($estado === 'reservada') {
            $estado_cama = 'reservada';
        } elseif ($estado === 'pendiente') {
            $estado_cama = 'pendiente';
        }

        $stmt_update = $conexion->prepare(
            "UPDATE camas SET estado = :estado WHERE id = :id_cama"
        );
        $stmt_update->bindParam(':estado', $estado_cama);

        foreach ($camas as $id_cama) {
            $stmt_update->bindParam(':id_cama', $id_cama, PDO::PARAM_INT);
            $stmt_update->execute();
        }

        $conexion->commit();
        return true;
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        $conexion->rollBack();
        error_log("Error al actualizar estado de reserva: " . $e->getMessage());
        return false;
    }
}

Admin Actions in viewAdmin.php

case 'aprobar_reserva':
    $id = (int) $_POST['id'];
    if (actualizar_estado_reserva($conexionPDO, $id, 'reservada')) {
        $mensaje = "Reserva aprobada exitosamente";
    } else {
        $mensaje = "Error al aprobar la reserva";
        $tipo_mensaje = 'danger';
    }
    $accion = 'reservas';
    break;

Listing Reservations

The listar_reservas() function in functions.php:628-715 supports pagination, filtering, and search:

function listar_reservas($conexion, $filtros = [])
{
    try {
        $sql = "
            SELECT r.id, r.fecha_inicio, r.fecha_fin, r.estado, r.fecha_creacion,
                   r.id_habitacion, r.numero_camas, r.observaciones,
                   u.nombre, u.apellido1, u.apellido2, u.num_socio, u.email,
                   h.numero as habitacion_numero,
                   GROUP_CONCAT(c.numero ORDER BY c.numero SEPARATOR ', ') as camas_numeros
            FROM reservas r
            LEFT JOIN usuarios u ON r.id_usuario = u.id
            LEFT JOIN habitaciones h ON r.id_habitacion = h.id
            LEFT JOIN reservas_camas rc ON r.id = rc.id_reserva
            LEFT JOIN camas c ON rc.id_cama = c.id
            WHERE 1=1
        ";

        $params = [];

        // Apply filters
        if (isset($filtros['estado'])) {
            $sql .= " AND r.estado = :estado";
            $params[':estado'] = $filtros['estado'];
        }

        if (isset($filtros['id_usuario'])) {
            $sql .= " AND r.id_usuario = :id_usuario";
            $params[':id_usuario'] = $filtros['id_usuario'];
        }

        if (isset($filtros['fecha_inicio'])) {
            $sql .= " AND r.fecha_inicio >= :fecha_inicio";
            $params[':fecha_inicio'] = $filtros['fecha_inicio'];
        }

        if (isset($filtros['fecha_fin'])) {
            $sql .= " AND r.fecha_fin <= :fecha_fin";
            $params[':fecha_fin'] = $filtros['fecha_fin'];
        }

        // Search functionality
        if (!empty($filtros['search'])) {
            $searchTerm = '%' . $filtros['search'] . '%';
            $sql .= " AND (u.nombre LIKE :search OR u.apellido1 LIKE :search 
                      OR u.email LIKE :search OR u.num_socio LIKE :search)";
            $params[':search'] = $searchTerm;
        }

        $sql .= " GROUP BY r.id";

        // Sorting
        $allowed_sort_cols = ['fecha_inicio', 'fecha_fin', 'fecha_creacion', 'nombre'];
        $order_by = in_array($filtros['order_by'] ?? '', $allowed_sort_cols) 
                    ? $filtros['order_by'] : 'fecha_creacion';

        if ($order_by === 'nombre') {
            $order_by = 'u.nombre';
        } else {
            $order_by = 'r.' . $order_by;
        }

        $order_dir = strtoupper($filtros['order_dir'] ?? '') === 'ASC' ? 'ASC' : 'DESC';
        $sql .= " ORDER BY $order_by $order_dir";

        // Pagination
        if (isset($filtros['limit']) && isset($filtros['offset'])) {
            $sql .= " LIMIT :limit OFFSET :offset";
            $params[':limit'] = (int) $filtros['limit'];
            $params[':offset'] = (int) $filtros['offset'];
        }

        $stmt = $conexion->prepare($sql);

        foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
            if ($key === ':limit' || $key === ':offset') {
                $stmt->bindValue($key, $value, PDO::PARAM_INT);
            } else {
                $stmt->bindValue($key, $value);
            }
        }

        $stmt->execute();
        return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        error_log("Error al listar reservas: " . $e->getMessage());
        return [];
    }
}

Special Reservation Types

Event Reservations

Admins can create special reservations for events using crear_reserva_especial_admin():

function crear_reserva_especial_admin($conexion, $datos)
{
    try {
        $conexion->beginTransaction();

        // Validate and find available beds...

        // Insert special reservation (id_usuario = NULL)
        $stmt = $conexion->prepare("
            INSERT INTO reservas (id_usuario, id_habitacion, numero_camas, 
                                 fecha_inicio, fecha_fin, estado, observaciones)
            VALUES (NULL, :id_habitacion, :numero_camas, 
                   :fecha_inicio, :fecha_fin, 'reservada', :motivo)
        ");

        $stmt->bindParam(':id_habitacion', $datos['id_habitacion'], PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt->bindParam(':numero_camas', $numero_camas, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt->bindParam(':fecha_inicio', $datos['fecha_inicio']);
        $stmt->bindParam(':fecha_fin', $datos['fecha_fin']);
        $stmt->bindParam(':motivo', $datos['motivo']);

        $stmt->execute();
        $id_reserva = $conexion->lastInsertId();

        // Assign beds and update their status...

        $conexion->commit();
        return $id_reserva;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $conexion->rollBack();
        error_log("Error al crear reserva especial: " . $e->getMessage());
        return false;
    }
}

Whole Refuge Reservations

The system supports reserving the entire refuge with crear_reserva_todo_refugio() in functions.php:1068-1154:

function crear_reserva_todo_refugio($conexion, $datos)
{
    try {
        $conexion->beginTransaction();

        // Count total beds in refuge
        $stmt_total = $conexion->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) as total FROM camas");
        $stmt_total->execute();
        $total_camas_refugio = (int) $stmt_total->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)['total'];

        // Get ALL available beds for selected dates
        $stmt_camas = $conexion->prepare("
            SELECT c.id
            FROM camas c
            WHERE c.estado = 'libre'
            AND c.id NOT IN (
                SELECT DISTINCT rc.id_cama
                FROM reservas_camas rc
                INNER JOIN reservas r ON rc.id_reserva = r.id
                WHERE r.estado IN ('pendiente', 'reservada')
                AND (r.fecha_inicio <= :fecha_fin AND r.fecha_fin >= :fecha_inicio)
            )
            ORDER BY c.id_habitacion, c.numero
        ");

        $stmt_camas->bindParam(':fecha_inicio', $datos['fecha_inicio']);
        $stmt_camas->bindParam(':fecha_fin', $datos['fecha_fin']);
        $stmt_camas->execute();

        $camas_disponibles = $stmt_camas->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
        $total_camas_disponibles = count($camas_disponibles);

        // VERIFY ALL BEDS ARE AVAILABLE
        if ($total_camas_disponibles < $total_camas_refugio) {
            throw new Exception(
                "No se puede reservar TODO EL REFUGIO. Solo hay {$total_camas_disponibles} 
                 de {$total_camas_refugio} camas disponibles."
            );
        }

        // Create ONE reservation with id_habitacion = NULL for "WHOLE REFUGE"
        $stmt_reserva = $conexion->prepare("
            INSERT INTO reservas (id_usuario, id_habitacion, numero_camas, 
                                 fecha_inicio, fecha_fin, estado, observaciones)
            VALUES (NULL, NULL, :numero_camas, :fecha_inicio, :fecha_fin, 
                   'reservada', :motivo)
        ");

        $motivo_completo = "TODO EL REFUGIO - " . $datos['motivo'];
        $stmt_reserva->bindParam(':numero_camas', $total_camas_disponibles, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $stmt_reserva->bindParam(':fecha_inicio', $datos['fecha_inicio']);
        $stmt_reserva->bindParam(':fecha_fin', $datos['fecha_fin']);
        $stmt_reserva->bindParam(':motivo', $motivo_completo);
        $stmt_reserva->execute();

        $id_reserva = $conexion->lastInsertId();

        // Assign ALL available beds to this reservation...

        $conexion->commit();
        return true;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $conexion->rollBack();
        error_log("Error al crear reserva todo el refugio: " . $e->getMessage());
        return false;
    }
}

Whole refuge reservations require ALL beds to be available. If even one bed is occupied, the reservation will fail.

Database Structure

Reservations involve three main tables:

reservas

id (PK)
id_usuario (FK, nullable)
id_habitacion (FK, nullable)
numero_camas
fecha_inicio
fecha_fin
estado
observaciones
fecha_creacion

reservas_camas

id (PK)
id_reserva (FK)
id_cama (FK)

camas

id (PK)
id_habitacion (FK)
numero
estado

Editing Reservations

User Editing (Pending Only)

Users can only edit pending reservations via editar_reserva_usuario() in functions.php:1242-1281:

case 'editar_reserva_usuario':
    try {
        $conexionPDO->beginTransaction();

        $id_reserva = isset($_POST['id_reserva']) ? (int) $_POST['id_reserva'] : 0;
        $fecha_inicio = $_POST['fecha_inicio'] ?? '';
        $fecha_fin = $_POST['fecha_fin'] ?? '';
        $id_habitacion = isset($_POST['id_habitacion']) ? (int) $_POST['id_habitacion'] : 0;
        $numero_camas = isset($_POST['numero_camas']) ? (int) $_POST['numero_camas'] : 0;

        $reserva_actual = obtener_reserva($conexionPDO, $id_reserva);
        
        // Verify ownership
        if (!$reserva_actual || $reserva_actual['id_usuario'] != $_SESSION['userId']) {
            throw new Exception("No tienes permiso para editar esta reserva");
        }

        // Only pending reservations can be edited
        if ($reserva_actual['estado'] !== 'pendiente') {
            throw new Exception("Solo puedes editar reservas pendientes");
        }

        // Validate dates
        if ($fecha_inicio >= $fecha_fin) {
            throw new Exception("La fecha de inicio debe ser anterior a la fecha de fin");
        }

        if (!editar_reserva_usuario($conexionPDO, $id_reserva, $fecha_inicio, 
                                    $fecha_fin, $id_habitacion, $numero_camas)) {
            throw new Exception("No hay suficientes camas disponibles");
        }

        $conexionPDO->commit();
        $mensaje = "Reserva actualizada exitosamente";
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        if ($conexionPDO->inTransaction()) {
            $conexionPDO->rollBack();
        }
        $mensaje = "Error al editar reserva: " . $e->getMessage();
        $tipo_mensaje = 'danger';
    }
    break;

Admin Editing

Admins can edit any reservation using editar_reserva_admin() in functions.php:1283-1359.

Transaction Safety

All multi-step reservation operations use database transactions:

try {
    $conexion->beginTransaction();
    
    // Multiple database operations...
    
    $conexion->commit();
    return $id_reserva;
} catch (Exception $e) {
    $conexion->rollBack();
    error_log("Error: " . $e->getMessage());
    return false;
}

Transactions ensure data consistency. If any step fails, all changes are rolled back.

Get Started

Core Features

User Guides

Deployment

Reservation System

Overview

Reservation States

Creating a Reservation

User Reservation Flow

Admin-Created Reservations

Approval Workflow

Approving Reservations

Admin Actions in viewAdmin.php

Listing Reservations

Special Reservation Types

Event Reservations

Whole Refuge Reservations

Database Structure

reservas

reservas_camas

camas

Editing Reservations

User Editing (Pending Only)

Admin Editing

Transaction Safety

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Get Started

Core Features

User Guides

Deployment

Documentation Index

​Overview

​Reservation States

​Creating a Reservation

​User Reservation Flow

​Admin-Created Reservations

​Approval Workflow

​Approving Reservations

​Admin Actions in viewAdmin.php

​Listing Reservations

​Special Reservation Types

​Event Reservations

​Whole Refuge Reservations

​Database Structure

reservas

reservas_camas

camas

​Editing Reservations

​User Editing (Pending Only)

​Admin Editing

​Transaction Safety

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Reservation States

Creating a Reservation

User Reservation Flow

Admin-Created Reservations

Approval Workflow

Approving Reservations

Admin Actions in viewAdmin.php

Listing Reservations

Special Reservation Types

Event Reservations

Whole Refuge Reservations

Database Structure

Editing Reservations

User Editing (Pending Only)

Admin Editing

Transaction Safety