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Ejercicio 2 applies the abstract class pattern to a business domain: employee payroll. Different employee types earn their salary in fundamentally different ways — a Gerente receives a fixed base salary plus a discretionary bonus, while a Vendedor earns a base salary supplemented by a commission on sales. The abstract class Empleado enforces the calcularSalario() contract on every subclass, ensuring that any employee object can always report its salary without the caller needing to know which type it is.
Class Hierarchy
Empleado (abstract)
├── Gerente — salario = salarioBase + bono
└── Vendedor — salario = salarioBase + comisionPorVentas
Empleado — Abstract Base Class
Empleado stores the shared identity fields nombre and id, declares calcularSalario() as abstract, and provides the concrete mostrarDetalles() method that prints all three pieces of information. Like the template method pattern seen in Ejercicio 1, mostrarDetalles() in the abstract class calls calcularSalario() — the base class relies on the subclass to resolve the salary at runtime.
package Taller11;
abstract class Empleado {
protected String nombre;
protected String id;
public Empleado(String nombre, String id) {
this.nombre = nombre;
this.id = id;
}
// Método abstracto para calcular el salario, implementado por las subclases
public abstract double calcularSalario();
// Método concreto para mostrar detalles, utilizando el método abstracto
public void mostrarDetalles() {
System.out.println("Nombre: " + nombre);
System.out.println("ID: " + id);
System.out.println("Salario: " + calcularSalario());
}
}
Why mostrarDetalles() Calls the Abstract Method
mostrarDetalles() is written once in Empleado and never duplicated. When it reaches calcularSalario(), Java dispatches to whichever subclass is currently executing — Gerente or Vendedor. The abstract class therefore defines the display contract while leaving the salary contract to each concrete type.
Gerente — Fixed Salary + Bonus
A Gerente receives a guaranteed salarioBase plus an additional bono. Both values are set at construction time, making the salary deterministic and unchanging per instance.
package Taller11;
class Gerente extends Empleado {
private double salarioBase;
private double bono;
public Gerente(String nombre, String id, double salarioBase, double bono) {
super(nombre, id);
this.salarioBase = salarioBase;
this.bono = bono;
}
@Override
public double calcularSalario() {
return salarioBase + bono;
}
}
salario = salarioBase + bono
Vendedor — Base Salary + Commission
A Vendedor also has a salarioBase, but the variable component is comisionPorVentas — a commission that reflects sales performance. The formula is structurally identical to Gerente’s but semantically distinct: the added component is earned through sales activity rather than granted as a management bonus.
package Taller11;
class Vendedor extends Empleado {
private double salarioBase;
private double comisionPorVentas;
public Vendedor(String nombre, String id, double salarioBase, double comisionPorVentas) {
super(nombre, id);
this.salarioBase = salarioBase;
this.comisionPorVentas = comisionPorVentas;
}
@Override
public double calcularSalario() {
return salarioBase + comisionPorVentas;
}
}
salario = salarioBase + comisionPorVentas
Usage — MainEjercicio2
The main class demonstrates both direct instantiation with concrete types and polymorphic usage through the Empleado reference:
package Taller11;
public class MainEjercicio2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("\n--- Demostración de Clases Abstractas (Ejercicio 2) ---");
Gerente gerente = new Gerente("Laura Pérez", "G001", 5000.0, 1000.0);
Vendedor vendedor = new Vendedor("Pedro Gómez", "V001", 2000.0, 500.0);
System.out.println("Detalles del Gerente:");
gerente.mostrarDetalles();
System.out.println("\nDetalles del Vendedor:");
vendedor.mostrarDetalles();
System.out.println("\n--- Polimorfismo con Clases Abstractas ---");
Empleado emp1 = new Gerente("Ana Ruiz", "G002", 5500.0, 1200.0);
Empleado emp2 = new Vendedor("Juan López", "V002", 2200.0, 600.0);
System.out.println("Detalles del Empleado (Gerente):");
emp1.mostrarDetalles();
System.out.println("\nDetalles del Empleado (Vendedor):");
emp2.mostrarDetalles();
}
}
Expected Output
--- Demostración de Clases Abstractas (Ejercicio 2) ---
Detalles del Gerente:
Nombre: Laura Pérez
ID: G001
Salario: 6000.0
Detalles del Vendedor:
Nombre: Pedro Gómez
ID: V001
Salario: 2500.0
--- Polimorfismo con Clases Abstractas ---
Detalles del Empleado (Gerente):
Nombre: Ana Ruiz
ID: G002
Salario: 6700.0
Detalles del Empleado (Vendedor):
Nombre: Juan López
ID: V002
Salario: 2800.0
emp1 and emp2 are declared as Empleado, yet mostrarDetalles() correctly prints the right salary for each. This is the power of the abstract contract: the caller never needs to know whether it holds a Gerente or a Vendedor to ask for its details.
Compile & Run
# From the project root
javac Taller11/Empleado.java Taller11/Gerente.java Taller11/Vendedor.java Taller11/MainEjercicio2.java
# Run
java Taller11.MainEjercicio2