Technology Stack - Tabby AI Keyboard

Stack Overview

Tabby is built with modern, production-ready technologies chosen for performance, developer experience, and ecosystem maturity.

Frontend

Next.js 15, React 19, Tailwind CSS 4

Desktop

Electron 38, nut-js, uiohook-napi

Backend

FastAPI, Uvicorn, Mem0

AI

Vercel AI SDK, OpenAI, Groq, Cerebras

Database

Supabase (PostgreSQL), Neo4j

Deployment

Azure Container Apps, Vercel, GitHub Actions

Desktop Application

Electron 38

The foundation of Tabby’s desktop presence. Why Electron?

System-Wide Access

Electron enables global keyboard shortcuts, clipboard access, and desktop automation that web apps cannot achieve.

Cross-Platform Potential

While currently Windows-focused, Electron makes macOS and Linux ports straightforward.

Web Tech Stack

Leverage React, Next.js, and modern web APIs while building a native desktop app.

Key Dependencies:

{
  "electron": "^38.2.1",
  "electron-builder": "^26.0.12",
  "electron-store": "^11.0.2"
}

Desktop Automation

nut-js (nut-tree-fork)

Cross-platform desktop automation for keyboard and mouse control:

import { keyboard, Key } from '@nut-tree-fork/nut-js';

// Typewriter mode: character-by-character typing
async function typeText(text: string) {
  for (const char of text) {
    await keyboard.type(char);
    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 20)); // 20ms delay
  }
}

Use Cases:

Undetectable AI typing (typewriter mode)
Automated keyboard shortcuts
Clipboard paste simulation

uiohook-napi

Low-level keyboard and mouse hook for global event listening:

import { uIOhook } from 'uiohook-napi';

uIOhook.on('keydown', (e) => {
  if (e.ctrlKey && e.keycode === 220) { // Ctrl+\
    showActionMenu();
  }
});

Features:

Global keyboard hooks (even when app is unfocused)
Mouse event capture
Multi-key combination detection

node-window-manager

Window management and positioning:

import { windowManager } from 'node-window-manager';

// Get active window for context
const activeWindow = windowManager.getActiveWindow();
console.log(activeWindow.getTitle());

Frontend Framework

Next.js 15 with App Router

Modern React framework running inside Electron’s renderer process. Key Features Used:

App Router

File-based routing with layouts and nested routes

Server Components

Optimized initial page loads (even in Electron)

API Routes

Built-in API endpoints for AI completions

Turbopack

Fast development builds and hot reload

Configuration:

{
  "scripts": {
    "next:dev": "next dev --turbopack",
    "next:build": "next build --turbopack"
  }
}

React 19

Latest React with cutting-edge features:

Automatic batching: Improved performance for state updates
Transitions: Smooth UI updates during async operations
Suspense improvements: Better loading states
useOptimistic: Optimistic UI updates for chat

import { useOptimistic } from 'react';

const [optimisticMessages, addOptimisticMessage] = useOptimistic(
  messages,
  (state, newMessage) => [...state, newMessage]
);

Tailwind CSS 4

Utility-first CSS framework with v4’s new features:

{
  "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4.1.14",
  "tailwindcss": "^4.1.14"
}

Benefits:

Lightning-fast JIT compilation
Native CSS cascade layers
Simplified configuration
Better performance than v3

UI Component Library

Radix UI Primitives

Headless, accessible components:

{
  "@radix-ui/react-dialog": "^1.1.15",
  "@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu": "^2.1.16",
  "@radix-ui/react-popover": "^1.1.15",
  "@radix-ui/react-tabs": "^1.1.13",
  "@radix-ui/react-tooltip": "^1.2.8"
}

Why Radix?

Full keyboard navigation
Screen reader support
Unstyled (full styling control)
Battle-tested in production apps

shadcn/ui Pattern

Tabby follows the shadcn/ui pattern:

Components built on Radix primitives
Styled with Tailwind CSS
Full source code in your repo (not npm package)
Customizable with class-variance-authority

import { cva } from 'class-variance-authority';

const buttonVariants = cva(
  'inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md',
  {
    variants: {
      variant: {
        default: 'bg-primary text-primary-foreground',
        ghost: 'hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground',
      }
    }
  }
);

Additional UI Libraries

{
  "lucide-react": "^0.562.0",        // Icon library
  "motion": "^12.24.12",              // Framer Motion animations
  "cmdk": "^1.1.1",                   // Command palette
  "sonner": "^2.0.7",                 // Toast notifications
  "vaul": "^1.1.2",                   // Mobile drawer
  "embla-carousel-react": "^8.6.0"   // Carousels
}

AI & Machine Learning

Vercel AI SDK 6.0

Unified interface for multiple AI providers with streaming support. Installation:

{
  "ai": "^6.0.23",
  "@ai-sdk/react": "^3.0.23",
  "@ai-sdk/ui-utils": "^1.2.11"
}

Provider Support:

{
  "@ai-sdk/openai": "^3.0.7",
  "@ai-sdk/google": "^3.0.6",
  "@ai-sdk/groq": "^3.0.4",
  "@ai-sdk/cerebras": "^2.0.5",
  "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible": "^2.0.10"
}

React Hooks:

import { useChat } from 'ai/react';

const { messages, input, handleSubmit, isLoading } = useChat({
  api: '/api/chat',
  body: { userId, memories },
  onFinish: (message) => console.log('Done:', message)
});

import { useCompletion } from 'ai/react';

const { completion, complete, isLoading } = useCompletion({
  api: '/api/completion',
  onFinish: (prompt, completion) => insertText(completion)
});

Streaming Text Generation:

import { streamText } from 'ai';
import { openai } from '@ai-sdk/openai';

export async function POST(req: Request) {
  const { messages, userId } = await req.json();
  
  const result = streamText({
    model: openai('gpt-4-turbo'),
    messages,
    temperature: 0.7,
  });
  
  return result.toDataStreamResponse();
}

MCP (Model Context Protocol)

Model Context Protocol integration for Windows desktop control:

{
  "@ai-sdk/mcp": "^1.0.5"
}

Scripts:

{
  "windows-mcp": "uvx windows-mcp --transport streamable-http --port 8001",
  "leetcode-mcp": "npx -y @jinzcdev/leetcode-mcp-server --site global"
}

Enables AI to:

Control Windows applications
Read/write files
Execute commands
Fetch LeetCode problems for interview mode

Web Search (Tavily)

AI-optimized search API:

import { tavily } from '@tavily/core';

const client = tavily({ apiKey: process.env.TAVILY_API_KEY });
const results = await client.search(query, {
  searchDepth: 'advanced',
  maxResults: 5
});

Backend Services

FastAPI (Python)

High-performance async web framework for the memory service. Why FastAPI?

Mem0 compatibility: Mem0 is a Python library
Type safety: Pydantic models for validation
Auto docs: OpenAPI/Swagger UI built-in
Fast: Async/await support, comparable to Node.js

Core Implementation:

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from mem0 import Memory

app = FastAPI(
    title="Memory API",
    description="API for mem0 memory operations",
    version="1.0.0"
)

app.add_middleware(
    CORSMiddleware,
    allow_origins=["*"],
    allow_credentials=True,
    allow_methods=["*"],
    allow_headers=["*"],
)

Dependencies:

[project]
dependencies = [
    "fastapi",
    "uvicorn",
    "mem0ai",
    "openai",
    "python-dotenv",
    "pydantic"
]

Mem0

Intelligent memory layer for AI applications. Features:

Automatic fact extraction from conversations
Vector embeddings for semantic search
Graph relationships for knowledge mapping
Multi-user memory isolation
Image memory support with vision models

See Memory System Architecture for details.

Python Package Management (uv)

Fast Python package installer (Rust-based, replaces pip):

uv sync         # Install dependencies from pyproject.toml
uv run main.py  # Run with virtual environment
uvx windows-mcp # Run packages without installing

Performance:

10-100x faster than pip
Deterministic dependency resolution
Compatible with pip/Poetry projects

Database & Storage

Supabase (Local Docker)

Open-source Firebase alternative running locally. Components:

PostgreSQL 15

Main database with pgvector extension for embeddings

PostgREST

Instant RESTful API from database schema

GoTrue

JWT-based authentication server

Realtime

WebSocket server for live updates

Storage

S3-compatible object storage for images

Client Libraries:

{
  "@supabase/supabase-js": "^2.90.1",
  "@supabase/ssr": "^0.8.0"
}

Usage:

import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';

const supabase = createClient(
  process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL!,
  process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY!
);

// Vector search for memories
const { data } = await supabase
  .rpc('match_memories', {
    query_embedding: embedding,
    match_threshold: 0.7,
    match_count: 10
  });

Neo4j (Optional)

Graph database for knowledge graph visualization. Visualization Library:

{
  "@neo4j-nvl/base": "^1.0.0",
  "@neo4j-nvl/react": "^1.0.0"
}

Use Case: Displays relationships between memories in the Brain Panel:

import NVL from '@neo4j-nvl/react';

const nodes = [
  { id: '1', caption: 'User prefers dark mode' },
  { id: '2', caption: 'User uses TypeScript' },
];

const relationships = [
  { from: '1', to: '2', type: 'RELATED_TO' }
];

<NVL nodes={nodes} rels={relationships} />

Development Tools

TypeScript 5.9

Type-safe JavaScript across frontend, backend, and Electron:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2022",
    "lib": ["ES2023"],
    "jsx": "preserve",
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true
  }
}

Build Tools

tsup

Fast TypeScript bundler for Electron main process:

// tsup.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from 'tsup';

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['electron/src/main.ts', 'electron/src/preload.ts'],
  format: ['cjs'],
  platform: 'node',
  target: 'node18',
  bundle: true,
  sourcemap: true,
  clean: true,
});

electron-builder

Application packaging and distribution:

{
  "build": {
    "appId": "com.tabby.ai-keyboard",
    "productName": "Tabby",
    "asar": true,
    "nsis": {
      "oneClick": false,
      "perMachine": true,
      "allowToChangeInstallationDirectory": true
    },
    "win": {
      "target": ["nsis"]
    }
  }
}

Code Quality

{
  "dprint": "^0.50.2",              // Fast code formatter
  "eslint": "^9.37.0",              // Linting
  "eslint-config-next": "^15.5.4"   // Next.js ESLint rules
}

Deployment & CI/CD

GitHub Actions

Automated workflows for releases and deployment:

name: Release Electron App

on:
  push:
    tags:
      - 'v*'

jobs:
  release:
    runs-on: windows-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: pnpm install
      - name: Build & Release
        run: pnpm dist
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN }}

name: Deploy Backend

on:
  push:
    paths:
      - 'backend/**'
    branches:
      - main

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Build Docker image
        run: docker build -t thecubestar/tabby-backend:${{ github.sha }} ./backend
      - name: Push to Docker Hub
        run: docker push thecubestar/tabby-backend:${{ github.sha }}
      - name: Deploy to Azure
        run: az containerapp update ...

Docker

Backend containerization:

FROM python:3.12-slim

WORKDIR /app

COPY pyproject.toml .
RUN pip install uv && uv sync

COPY . .

CMD ["uv", "run", "main.py"]

Deployment Targets

Desktop App

GitHub ReleasesWindows .exe installer

Memory API

Azure Container AppsFastAPI service in Docker

Next.js API

VercelServerless functions

Additional Libraries

Utilities

{
  "date-fns": "^4.1.0",              // Date manipulation
  "nanoid": "^5.1.6",                // ID generation
  "zod": "^4.3.5",                   // Schema validation
  "lru-cache": "^11.2.4",            // Memory caching
  "tokenlens": "^1.3.1"              // Token counting
}

React Ecosystem

{
  "@tanstack/react-query": "^5.90.16",   // Server state management
  "react-hook-form": "^7.70.0",          // Form handling
  "@hookform/resolvers": "^5.2.2",       // Zod + react-hook-form
  "next-themes": "^0.4.6",               // Theme switching
  "react-resizable-panels": "^3.0.6"     // Resizable layouts
}

Visualization

{
  "@xyflow/react": "^12.10.0",      // Flow diagrams
  "recharts": "2.15.4",             // Charts and graphs
  "shiki": "^3.21.0"                // Code syntax highlighting
}

Package Management

pnpm

Fast, disk-efficient package manager:

pnpm install              # Install dependencies
pnpm add <package>        # Add package
pnpm run dev              # Run script
pnpm --filter frontend    # Run in specific workspace

Why pnpm?

2x faster than npm
Saves disk space (content-addressable store)
Strict dependency resolution

Version Summary

All versions are pinned to ensure reproducible builds. See frontend/package.json for the complete dependency list.

Category	Technology	Version
Desktop	Electron	38.2.1
Frontend	Next.js	15.5.4
Frontend	React	19.2.0
Styling	Tailwind CSS	4.1.14
AI	Vercel AI SDK	6.0.23
Backend	FastAPI	Latest
Memory	Mem0	Latest
Database	Supabase	2.90.1
Language	TypeScript	5.9.3
Language	Python	3.12+
Runtime	Node.js	18+

​Stack Overview

Frontend

Desktop

Backend

AI

Database

Deployment

​Desktop Application

​Electron 38

​Desktop Automation

​nut-js (nut-tree-fork)

​uiohook-napi

​node-window-manager

​Frontend Framework

​Next.js 15 with App Router

App Router

Server Components

API Routes

Turbopack

​React 19

​Tailwind CSS 4

​UI Component Library

​Radix UI Primitives

​shadcn/ui Pattern

​Additional UI Libraries

​AI & Machine Learning

​Vercel AI SDK 6.0

​MCP (Model Context Protocol)

​Web Search (Tavily)

​Backend Services

​FastAPI (Python)

​Mem0

​Python Package Management (uv)

​Database & Storage

​Supabase (Local Docker)

​Neo4j (Optional)

​Development Tools

​TypeScript 5.9

​Build Tools

​tsup

​electron-builder

​Code Quality

​Deployment & CI/CD

​GitHub Actions

​Docker

​Deployment Targets

Desktop App

Memory API

Next.js API

​Additional Libraries

​Utilities

​React Ecosystem

​Visualization

​Package Management

​pnpm

​Version Summary

​Next Steps

System Architecture

Memory System

Stack Overview

Desktop Application

Electron 38

Desktop Automation

nut-js (nut-tree-fork)

uiohook-napi

node-window-manager

Frontend Framework

Next.js 15 with App Router

React 19

Tailwind CSS 4

UI Component Library

Radix UI Primitives

shadcn/ui Pattern

Additional UI Libraries

AI & Machine Learning

Vercel AI SDK 6.0

MCP (Model Context Protocol)

Web Search (Tavily)

Backend Services

FastAPI (Python)

Mem0

Python Package Management (uv)

Database & Storage

Supabase (Local Docker)

Neo4j (Optional)

Development Tools

TypeScript 5.9

Build Tools

tsup

electron-builder

Code Quality

Deployment & CI/CD

GitHub Actions

Docker

Deployment Targets

Additional Libraries

Utilities

React Ecosystem

Visualization

Package Management

pnpm

Version Summary

Next Steps