WebSocket API - Firedancer

Overview

Firedancer provides an optional HTTP WebSocket API for consumers to subscribe to validator information. It primarily exists to support the Firedancer GUI and provides real-time streaming of validator state, performance metrics, and blockchain data.

The API is not currently stable, is not versioned, may not exist for long, may break or start producing incorrect data at any moment, and should not generally be used for production applications without extreme caution.

Connecting

Configuration

First, configure the GUI tile in your config.toml:

config.toml

[tiles]
    [tiles.gui]
        listen_port = 80

JavaScript Client

Create a WebSocket client connection:

client.js

const client = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:80/websocket");

client.onopen = () => {
  console.log("Connected to Firedancer WebSocket API");
};

client.onmessage = (event) => {
  const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
  console.log(`Topic: ${data.topic}, Key: ${data.key}`);
  console.log(`Value:`, data.value);
};

Message Format

All data is encoded in JSON with a containing envelope:

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "cluster",
    "value": "mainnet-beta"
}

string

required

The high-level category of the message (e.g., summary, slot, gossip, peers).

string

required

The specific data type within the topic (e.g., version, cluster, ping).

any

required

The actual data payload. Can be a string, number, object, or array depending on the message type.

Compression

The server can optionally compress messages larger than 200 bytes using Zstandard compression.

Enabling Compression

Specify the compress-zstd subprotocol in the opening WebSocket handshake:

client.js

const client = new WebSocket(
  "ws://localhost:80/websocket",
  ['compress-zstd']
);
client.binaryType = "arraybuffer";

client.onmessage = function(ev) {
  if (typeof ev.data === 'string') {
    // Uncompressed message - parse as JSON
    const data = JSON.parse(ev.data);
  } else if (ev.data instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
    // Compressed message - decompress then parse
    const decompressed = decompressZstd(ev.data);
    const data = JSON.parse(decompressed);
  }
};

Compressed messages are sent as binary WebSocket frames (opcode=0x2), while regular messages are sent as text frames (opcode=0x1).

Message Frequencies

Each message is published with a specific frequency:

Frequency	Meaning
Once	Published only once, immediately after connection is established
Live	Published immediately after the underlying data changes
Request	Published in response to a specific client request
1s, 60s, 100ms	Republished at regular intervals
Once + Live	Published immediately on connection, then republished whenever data changes

Queries

Some messages are published on-demand in response to client requests.

Request Format

{
    "topic": "slot",
    "key": "query",
    "id": 42,
    "params": {
        "slot": 285291521
    }
}

string

required

The topic to query.

string

required

The query method to call.

number

required

An unsigned integer (must fit in u64) that will be echoed back in the response.

object

Request-specific parameters documented for each query.

Response Format

{
    "topic": "slot",
    "key": "query",
    "id": 42,
    "value": { /* response data */ }
}

If the requested data is not available, the value will be null:

{
    "topic": "slot",
    "key": "query",
    "id": 42,
    "value": null
}

If the client issues a malformed request, it will be forcibly disconnected.

Topics

Summary Topic

High-level informational fields about the validator.

`summary.version`

Frequency: Once The current version of the running validator.

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "version",
    "value": "0.106.11814"
}

`summary.cluster`

Frequency: Once + Live Indicates the cluster that the validator is running on.

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "cluster",
    "value": "mainnet-beta"
}

Possible values: mainnet-beta, devnet, testnet, pythtest, pythnet, development, or unknown.

`summary.identity_key`

Frequency: Once + Live The public identity key assigned to the running validator, encoded in base58.

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "identity_key",
    "value": "Fe4StcZSQ228dKK2hni7aCP7ZprNhj8QKWzFe5usGFYF"
}

`summary.vote_state`

Frequency: Once + Live The current vote status of the validator.

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "vote_state",
    "value": "voting"
}

Possible values:

voting - Validator is actively voting
non-voting - Validator is not voting
delinquent - Last vote is 150+ slots behind

`summary.root_slot`

Frequency: Once + Live The last slot that was rooted. Rooted slots are fully confirmed and irreversible.

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "root_slot",
    "value": 275138349
}

`summary.completed_slot`

Frequency: Once + Live The highest completed slot on the current fork choice of the validator.

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "completed_slot",
    "value": 275138349
}

`summary.estimated_tps`

Frequency: Once + Live The estimated number of transactions per second (moving average from prior 150 slots, ~1 minute).

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "estimated_tps",
    "value": {
        "total": 8348,
        "vote": 6875,
        "nonvote_success": 1473,
        "nonvote_failed": 0
    }
}

`summary.skip_rate`

Frequency: Once + Live The skip rate for the current epoch.

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "skip_rate",
    "value": {
        "epoch": 522,
        "skip_rate": 0.456172
    }
}

`summary.ping`

Frequency: Request Application-level ping/pong (not a WebSocket control frame). Request:

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "ping",
    "id": 42
}

Response:

{
    "topic": "summary",
    "key": "ping",
    "id": 42,
    "value": null
}

Slot Topic

Information about blockchain slots and block production.

Slot Levels

Slots progress through five levels:

level

The slot does not exist yet or is still being replayed.

level

The slot has been fully received and successfully replayed.

level

The slot has been replayed and more than two-thirds of stake have voted to confirm it.

level

The validator has rooted the slot and considers it final (32 subsequent slots built on top).

level

The validator has rooted the slot and more than two-thirds of stake has rooted it.

`slot.update`

Frequency: Live Published whenever a slot’s state changes.

{
    "topic": "slot",
    "key": "update",
    "value": {
        "publish": {
            "slot": 289245044,
            "mine": true,
            "skipped": false,
            "duration_nanos": 400000000,
            "completed_time_nanos": "1739657041688342791",
            "level": "rooted",
            "success_nonvote_transactions": 6821,
            "failed_nonvote_transactions": 6746,
            "success_vote_transactions": 3703,
            "failed_vote_transactions": 0,
            "compute_units": 47000000,
            "shreds": 123,
            "transaction_fee": "12345",
            "priority_fee": "123456",
            "tips": "0",
            "vote_slot": 289245043
        }
    }
}

`slot.query`

Frequency: Request Query information about a specific slot. Request:

{
    "topic": "slot",
    "key": "query",
    "id": 32,
    "params": {
        "slot": 289245044
    }
}

Response:

{
    "topic": "slot",
    "key": "query",
    "id": 32,
    "value": {
        "publish": {
            "slot": 289245044,
            "mine": true,
            "level": "rooted",
            "success_nonvote_transactions": 6821,
            /* ... additional fields ... */
        }
    }
}

Epoch Topic

Information about epochs and leader schedules.

`epoch.new`

Frequency: Once + Live Published for each new epoch (current and next epoch on connection).

{
    "topic": "epoch",
    "key": "new",
    "value": {
        "epoch": 636,
        "start_time_nanos": "12412481240412",
        "end_time_nanos": "1719910299914232",
        "start_slot": 274752000,
        "end_slot": 275183999,
        "staked_pubkeys": [
            "Fe4StcZSQ228dKK2hni7aCP7ZprNhj8QKWzFe5usGFYF",
            /* ... more validators ... */
        ],
        "staked_lamports": [
            "360",
            "240",
            /* ... more stakes ... */
        ],
        "leader_slots": [
            15,
            1542,
            761,
            /* ... slot assignments ... */
        ]
    }
}

Gossip Topic

Information about the validator’s gossip network connectivity.

`gossip.network_stats`

Frequency: Once + 300ms Aggregate statistics about gossip network health and connectivity.

{
    "topic": "gossip",
    "key": "network_stats",
    "value": {
        "health": {
            "total_stake": "411123000000000000",
            "total_staked_peers": 911,
            "total_unstaked_peers": 5334,
            "connected_stake": "123456789",
            "connected_staked_peers": 623,
            "connected_unstaked_peers": 1432
        },
        "ingress": {
            "total_throughput": 131204210,
            "peer_names": ["Coinbase 02", "Figment", "Jupiter"],
            "peer_identities": ["FDpbCB...", "FD7btg...", "FDXW..."],
            "peer_throughput": [15121541, 11697591, 9131124]
        },
        "egress": {
            "total_throughput": 131204210,
            "peer_names": ["Coinbase 02", "Figment", "Jupiter"],
            "peer_throughput": [15121541, 11697591, 9131124]
        }
    }
}

Peers Topic

Information about validator peers from the cluster.

`peers.update`

Frequency: Once + 60s Peer validator information from gossip, accounts database, and on-chain config.

{
    "topic": "peers",
    "key": "update",
    "value": {
        "update": [
            {
                "identity_pubkey": "Fe4StcZSQ228dKK2hni7aCP7ZprNhj8QKWzFe5usGFYF",
                "gossip": {
                    "version": "1.18.15",
                    "feature_set": 4215500110,
                    "shred_version": 0,
                    "sockets": {
                        "gossip": "93.119.195.160:8001",
                        "tpu": "192.64.85.26:8000"
                    },
                    "country_code": "CN",
                    "city_name": "Beijing"
                },
                "vote": [
                    {
                        "vote_pubkey": "8ri9HeWZv4Dcf4BD46pVPjmefzJLpbtfdAtyxyeG4enL",
                        "activated_stake": "5812",
                        "last_vote": 281795801,
                        "root_slot": 281795770,
                        "epoch_credits": 5917,
                        "commission": 5,
                        "delinquent": false
                    }
                ],
                "info": {
                    "name": "ExampleStake Firedancer",
                    "details": "A longer description...",
                    "website": "https://github.com/firedancer-io/firedancer",
                    "icon_url": "https://docs.firedancer.io/fire.svg"
                }
            }
        ],
        "remove": []
    }
}

Backpressure and Connection Management

The server does not drop information, slow down, or stop publishing if a client cannot keep up. A client that reads too slowly will have its connection forcibly closed by the server.

Best Practices

Process messages asynchronously - Don’t block the message handler with heavy computation
Use compression - Enable Zstandard compression for large messages
Monitor connection health - Implement reconnection logic
Filter topics - Only subscribe to the data you need (if supported)

Error Handling

Connection Errors

client.onerror = (error) => {
  console.error('WebSocket error:', error);
};

client.onclose = (event) => {
  console.log('Connection closed:', event.code, event.reason);
  // Implement reconnection logic here
};

Common Issues

Connection forcibly closed - Client cannot keep up with message rate
Malformed request - Invalid JSON or missing required fields in query
Null response - Requested data does not exist or is not available

Additional Resources

For complete field definitions and data structures, see the full WebSocket API specification
For monitoring and observability, use the Metrics API
For production deployments, consider using the RPC API instead of WebSocket for stability

​Overview

​Connecting

​Configuration

​JavaScript Client

​Message Format

​Compression

​Enabling Compression

​Message Frequencies

​Queries

​Request Format

​Response Format

​Topics

​Summary Topic

​summary.version

​summary.cluster

​summary.identity_key

​summary.vote_state

​summary.root_slot

​summary.completed_slot

​summary.estimated_tps

​summary.skip_rate

​summary.ping

​Slot Topic

​Slot Levels

​slot.update

​slot.query

​Epoch Topic

​epoch.new

​Gossip Topic

​gossip.network_stats

​Peers Topic

​peers.update

​Backpressure and Connection Management

​Best Practices

​Error Handling

​Connection Errors

​Common Issues

​Additional Resources

Overview

Connecting

Configuration

JavaScript Client

Message Format

Compression

Enabling Compression

Message Frequencies

Queries

Request Format

Response Format

Topics

Summary Topic

`summary.version`

`summary.cluster`

`summary.identity_key`

`summary.vote_state`

`summary.root_slot`

`summary.completed_slot`

`summary.estimated_tps`

`summary.skip_rate`

`summary.ping`

Slot Topic

Slot Levels

`slot.update`

`slot.query`

Epoch Topic

`epoch.new`

Gossip Topic

`gossip.network_stats`

Peers Topic

`peers.update`

Backpressure and Connection Management

Best Practices

Error Handling

Connection Errors

Common Issues

Additional Resources