ISO Format

namespace NVolDescType {
  const Byte kBootRecord = 0;         // Boot record
  const Byte kPrimaryVol = 1;         // Primary volume descriptor
  const Byte kSupplementaryVol = 2;   // Supplementary volume (Joliet)
  const Byte kVolParttition = 3;      // Volume partition descriptor
  const Byte kTerminator = 255;       // Terminator
}

const Byte kVersion = 1;

+-------------------------------+
| System Area (32 KB)           |
+-------------------------------+
| Volume Descriptors            |
| - Primary Volume Descriptor   |
| - Supplementary (Joliet)      |
| - Boot Record (El Torito)     |
| - Terminator                  |
+-------------------------------+
| Path Tables                   |
+-------------------------------+
| Directories and Files         |
+-------------------------------+

const UInt32 kStartPos = 0x8000;  // 32768 bytes (sector 16)

namespace NFileFlags {
  const Byte kDirectory = 1 << 1;        // Entry is directory
  const Byte kNonFinalExtent = 1 << 7;   // Multi-extent file
}

namespace NBootEntryId {
  const Byte kValidationEntry = 1;
  const Byte kInitialEntryNotBootable = 0;
  const Byte kInitialEntryBootable = 0x88;
  const Byte kMoreHeaders = 0x90;
  const Byte kFinalHeader = 0x91;
  const Byte kExtensionIndicator = 0x44;
}

namespace NBootPlatformId {
  const Byte kX86 = 0;       // PC (x86, x64)
  const Byte kPowerPC = 1;   // PowerPC
  const Byte kMac = 2;       // Macintosh
}

namespace NBootMediaType {
  const Byte kNoEmulation = 0;    // No emulation
  const Byte k1d2Floppy = 1;      // 1.2 MB floppy
  const Byte k1d44Floppy = 2;     // 1.44 MB floppy
  const Byte k2d88Floppy = 3;     // 2.88 MB floppy
  const Byte kHardDisk = 4;       // Hard disk emulation
}

7z a -tiso disk.iso files/

7z x disk.iso

7z l disk.iso

7z x disk.iso -i!setup.exe -i!docs\*.txt

7z t disk.iso

7z l -slt disk.iso

# Extract boot catalog and image
7z x windows.iso -i!boot\*

struct CDir: public CDirRecord {
  CDir *Parent;
  CObjectVector<CDir> _subItems;
  
  AString GetPath(bool checkSusp, unsigned skipSize) const;
  void GetPathU(UString &s) const;
};

struct CDateTime {
  UInt16 Year;
  Byte Month;
  Byte Day;
  Byte Hour;
  Byte Minute;
  Byte Second;
  Byte Hundredths;
  signed char GmtOffset;  // GMT offset in 15-min intervals
};

source/CPP/7zip/Archive/Iso/
├── IsoHandler.cpp      # Archive handling
├── IsoHandler.h        # Handler interface  
├── IsoIn.cpp          # ISO reading
├── IsoIn.h            # ISO structures
├── IsoHeader.h        # Format constants
├── IsoItem.h          # Item structures
└── IsoRegister.cpp    # Format registration

# Extract installation files
7z x software.iso

# Extract Windows/Linux ISO
7z x ubuntu-20.04.iso
7z x windows-10.iso

# Create ISO from optical disc (use dd or similar)
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=backup.iso bs=2048

# Extract backed up disc
7z x backup.iso

# Extract game data
7z x game.iso -o"C:\Games\ExtractedGame"

# Extract specific drivers
7z x drivers.iso -i!network\*.inf -i!network\*.sys

# 7-Zip typically reads the last session
7z l multisession.iso

# Extract UDF DVD image
7z x movie-dvd.iso

# Compress ISO with 7z
7z a -t7z -mx=9 disk.iso.7z disk.iso

# Or with XZ
7z a -txz -mx=9 disk.iso.xz disk.iso

# Extract ISO and create 7z archive
7z x disk.iso -o"temp\"
7z a -t7z -mx=9 disk.7z temp\*

# Calculate hash (using CertUtil on Windows)
certutil -hashfile disk.iso SHA256

# Or using 7-Zip to check integrity
7z t disk.iso

# Windows 8+ (built-in)
Explorer: Right-click ISO > Mount

# Linux
sudo mount -o loop disk.iso /mnt/iso

# macOS
hdiutil mount disk.iso