Data Table

Introduction

Every data table or datagrid I’ve created has been unique. They all behave differently, have specific sorting and filtering requirements, and work with different data sources. It doesn’t make sense to combine all of these variations into a single component. If we do that, we’ll lose the flexibility that headless UI provides. So instead of a data-table component, this guide shows you how to build your own. We’ll start with the basic <Table /> component and build a complex data table from scratch.

If you find yourself using the same table in multiple places in your app, you can always extract it into a reusable component.

Installation

npm install @tanstack/react-table

Add the Table component:

npx shadcn@latest add table

Prerequisites

We are going to build a table to show recent payments. Here’s what our data looks like:

type Payment = {
  id: string
  amount: number
  status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
  email: string
}

export const payments: Payment[] = [
  {
    id: "728ed52f",
    amount: 100,
    status: "pending",
    email: "m@example.com",
  },
  {
    id: "489e1d42",
    amount: 125,
    status: "processing",
    email: "example@gmail.com",
  },
  // ...
]

Project Structure

Start by creating the following file structure:

app
└── payments
    ├── columns.tsx
    ├── data-table.tsx
    └── page.tsx

I’m using a Next.js example here but this works for any other React framework.

columns.tsx (client component) will contain our column definitions.
data-table.tsx (client component) will contain our <DataTable /> component.
page.tsx (server component) is where we’ll fetch data and render our table.

Basic Table

Column Definitions

First, define your columns:

app/payments/columns.tsx

"use client"

import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"

export type Payment = {
  id: string
  amount: number
  status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
  email: string
}

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    accessorKey: "status",
    header: "Status",
  },
  {
    accessorKey: "email",
    header: "Email",
  },
  {
    accessorKey: "amount",
    header: "Amount",
  },
]

Columns are where you define the core of what your table will look like. They define the data that will be displayed, how it will be formatted, sorted and filtered.

DataTable Component

Create a <DataTable /> component to render your table:

app/payments/data-table.tsx

"use client"

import {
  ColumnDef,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

import {
  Table,
  TableBody,
  TableCell,
  TableHead,
  TableHeader,
  TableRow,
} from "@/components/ui/table"

interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
  columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
  data: TData[]
}

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
  })

  return (
    <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
      <Table>
        <TableHeader>
          {table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
            <TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
              {headerGroup.headers.map((header) => {
                return (
                  <TableHead key={header.id}>
                    {header.isPlaceholder
                      ? null
                      : flexRender(
                          header.column.columnDef.header,
                          header.getContext()
                        )}
                  </TableHead>
                )
              })}
            </TableRow>
          ))}
        </TableHeader>
        <TableBody>
          {table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
            table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
              <TableRow
                key={row.id}
                data-state={row.getIsSelected() && "selected"}
              >
                {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
                  <TableCell key={cell.id}>
                    {flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
                  </TableCell>
                ))}
              </TableRow>
            ))
          ) : (
            <TableRow>
              <TableCell colSpan={columns.length} className="h-24 text-center">
                No results.
              </TableCell>
            </TableRow>
          )}
        </TableBody>
      </Table>
    </div>
  )
}

If you find yourself using <DataTable /> in multiple places, this is the component you could make reusable by extracting it to components/ui/data-table.tsx.

Render the Table

Finally, render your table in your page component:

app/payments/page.tsx

import { columns, Payment } from "./columns"
import { DataTable } from "./data-table"

async function getData(): Promise<Payment[]> {
  // Fetch data from your API here.
  return [
    {
      id: "728ed52f",
      amount: 100,
      status: "pending",
      email: "m@example.com",
    },
    // ...
  ]
}

export default async function DemoPage() {
  const data = await getData()

  return (
    <div className="container mx-auto py-10">
      <DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
    </div>
  )
}

Cell Formatting

Format the amount cell to display the dollar amount and align it to the right:

app/payments/columns.tsx

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    accessorKey: "amount",
    header: () => <div className="text-right">Amount</div>,
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const amount = parseFloat(row.getValue("amount"))
      const formatted = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
        style: "currency",
        currency: "USD",
      }).format(amount)

      return <div className="text-right font-medium">{formatted}</div>
    },
  },
]

Row Actions

Add row actions using a dropdown menu:

app/payments/columns.tsx

import { MoreHorizontal } from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuItem,
  DropdownMenuLabel,
  DropdownMenuSeparator,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  // ...
  {
    id: "actions",
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const payment = row.original

      return (
        <DropdownMenu>
          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
            <Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0">
              <span className="sr-only">Open menu</span>
              <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
            </Button>
          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
            <DropdownMenuLabel>Actions</DropdownMenuLabel>
            <DropdownMenuItem
              onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText(payment.id)}
            >
              Copy payment ID
            </DropdownMenuItem>
            <DropdownMenuSeparator />
            <DropdownMenuItem>View customer</DropdownMenuItem>
            <DropdownMenuItem>View payment details</DropdownMenuItem>
          </DropdownMenuContent>
        </DropdownMenu>
      )
    },
  },
]

Pagination

Add pagination to your table:

app/payments/data-table.tsx

import {
  ColumnDef,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table>{/* ... */}</Table>
      </div>
      <div className="flex items-center justify-end space-x-2 py-4">
        <Button
          variant="outline"
          size="sm"
          onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
          disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
        >
          Previous
        </Button>
        <Button
          variant="outline"
          size="sm"
          onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
          disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
        >
          Next
        </Button>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Sorting

Add sorting to your table:

app/payments/data-table.tsx

import * as React from "react"
import {
  ColumnDef,
  SortingState,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    state: {
      sorting,
    },
  })

  // ...
}

Make the email column sortable:

app/payments/columns.tsx

import { ArrowUpDown } from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    accessorKey: "email",
    header: ({ column }) => {
      return (
        <Button
          variant="ghost"
          onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(column.getIsSorted() === "asc")}
        >
          Email
          <ArrowUpDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
        </Button>
      )
    },
  },
]

Filtering

Add a search input to filter emails:

app/payments/data-table.tsx

import * as React from "react"
import {
  ColumnDef,
  ColumnFiltersState,
  SortingState,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getFilteredRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
    },
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="flex items-center py-4">
        <Input
          placeholder="Filter emails..."
          value={(table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string) ?? ""}
          onChange={(event) =>
            table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
          }
          className="max-w-sm"
        />
      </div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table>{/* ... */}</Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Visibility

Add column visibility controls:

app/payments/data-table.tsx

import {
  ColumnDef,
  ColumnFiltersState,
  SortingState,
  VisibilityState,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getFilteredRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )
  const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
    React.useState<VisibilityState>({})

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
      columnVisibility,
    },
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="flex items-center py-4">
        <Input
          placeholder="Filter emails..."
          value={table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string}
          onChange={(event) =>
            table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
          }
          className="max-w-sm"
        />
        <DropdownMenu>
          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
            <Button variant="outline" className="ml-auto">
              Columns
            </Button>
          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
            {table
              .getAllColumns()
              .filter((column) => column.getCanHide())
              .map((column) => {
                return (
                  <DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
                    key={column.id}
                    className="capitalize"
                    checked={column.getIsVisible()}
                    onCheckedChange={(value) =>
                      column.toggleVisibility(!!value)
                    }
                  >
                    {column.id}
                  </DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
                )
              })}
          </DropdownMenuContent>
        </DropdownMenu>
      </div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table>{/* ... */}</Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Row Selection

Add row selection with checkboxes:

app/payments/columns.tsx

import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox"

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    id: "select",
    header: ({ table }) => (
      <Checkbox
        checked={
          table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected() ||
          (table.getIsSomePageRowsSelected() && "indeterminate")
        }
        onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
        aria-label="Select all"
      />
    ),
    cell: ({ row }) => (
      <Checkbox
        checked={row.getIsSelected()}
        onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
        aria-label="Select row"
      />
    ),
    enableSorting: false,
    enableHiding: false,
  },
  // ...
]

Update the data table:

app/payments/data-table.tsx

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )
  const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
    React.useState<VisibilityState>({})
  const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = React.useState({})

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
    onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
      columnVisibility,
      rowSelection,
    },
  })

  // ...
}

Show selected rows count:

<div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
  {table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
  {table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
</div>

API Reference

See the TanStack Table documentation for complete API details.

Base Components

Introduction

Installation

Prerequisites

Project Structure

Basic Table

Column Definitions

DataTable Component

Render the Table

Cell Formatting

Row Actions

Sorting

Filtering

Visibility

Row Selection

API Reference

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Base Components

​Introduction

​Installation

​Prerequisites

​Project Structure

​Basic Table

​Column Definitions

​DataTable Component

​Render the Table

​Cell Formatting

​Row Actions

​Pagination

​Sorting

​Filtering

​Visibility

​Row Selection

​API Reference

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Introduction

Installation

Prerequisites

Project Structure

Basic Table

Column Definitions

DataTable Component

Render the Table

Cell Formatting

Row Actions

Pagination

Sorting

Filtering

Visibility

Row Selection

API Reference