Testing Requirements

Testing is a critical part of the WooCommerce development process. All code contributions should include appropriate tests, and existing tests must pass before changes can be merged.

Testing Overview

WooCommerce uses multiple testing frameworks to ensure code quality:

PHPUnit

Unit and integration tests for PHP code

Jest

Unit tests for JavaScript and React components

Playwright

End-to-end and API testing

Test Environment Setup

WooCommerce uses @wordpress/env (wp-env) to create isolated Docker-based testing environments.

Prerequisites

Docker installed and running
PNPM installed
Sufficient disk space for Docker containers

Environment Commands

Run these commands from plugins/woocommerce directory:

# Start the test environment (creates if necessary)
pnpm env:start

# Start and update the environment
pnpm env:dev

# Stop the environment
pnpm env:stop

# Destroy the environment (removes all files)
pnpm env:destroy

# Restart the environment (destroy and start)
pnpm env:restart

Each plugin in the monorepo has its own isolated environment to prevent conflicts.

Environment Details

PHP Version: 8.1 (default), configurable per test
WordPress: Latest version (default), configurable
PHPUnit: Version 9.6.24
URL: http://localhost:8888 (default)
Admin: http://localhost:8888/wp-admin (username: admin, password: password)

PHPUnit Tests

PHPUnit tests validate PHP code functionality, including classes, functions, and WordPress integration.

Running PHPUnit Tests

Local (without Docker)
Docker Environment
Specific Tests

# Run all PHP unit tests
pnpm test:php

# Run with HPOS disabled
pnpm test:php:hpos-off

# Watch mode (auto-run on changes)
pnpm test:php:watch

# Run all tests in wp-env
pnpm test:php:env

# Run with HPOS disabled
pnpm test:php:env:hpos-off

# Watch mode in environment
pnpm test:php:env:watch

# Run specific test class
pnpm test:php:env -- --filter TestClassName

# Run specific test method
pnpm test:php:env -- --filter TestClassName::test_method_name

# Run specific test suite
./vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite=wc-phpunit-main
./vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite=wc-phpunit-legacy

PHPUnit Test Structure

Tests are organized to mirror the source code structure:

plugins/woocommerce/
├── src/                      # Modern PHP code
│   └── Internal/
│       └── Admin/
│           └── Orders.php
├── includes/                 # Legacy PHP code
│   └── class-wc-order.php
└── tests/php/
    ├── src/                  # Tests for modern code
    │   └── Internal/
    │       └── Admin/
    │           └── OrdersTest.php
    └── includes/             # Tests for legacy code
        └── class-wc-order-test.php

Writing PHPUnit Tests

Create Test Class

tests/php/src/Internal/Admin/OrdersTest.php

<?php
namespace Automattic\WooCommerce\Tests\Internal\Admin;

use Automattic\WooCommerce\Internal\Admin\Orders;

/**
 * Tests for Orders class.
 */
class OrdersTest extends \WC_Unit_Test_Case {
    
    /**
     * Test setup.
     */
    public function setUp(): void {
        parent::setUp();
        // Setup code
    }
}

Write Test Methods

/**
 * Test that orders are retrieved correctly.
 */
public function test_get_orders_returns_array() {
    $orders = new Orders();
    $result = $orders->get_orders();
    
    $this->assertIsArray( $result );
    $this->assertNotEmpty( $result );
}

/**
 * Test order creation.
 */
public function test_create_order_returns_order_id() {
    $order_id = wc_create_order();
    
    $this->assertIsInt( $order_id );
    $this->assertGreaterThan( 0, $order_id );
}

Use Factory Methods

/**
 * Test order with products.
 */
public function test_order_with_products() {
    // Create test data using factories
    $product = WC_Helper_Product::create_simple_product();
    $order   = WC_Helper_Order::create_order();
    
    $order->add_product( $product );
    $order->save();
    
    $this->assertEquals( 1, $order->get_item_count() );
}

PHPUnit Configuration

The phpunit.xml file configures PHPUnit:

phpunit.xml

<phpunit>
  <testsuites>
    <testsuite name="wc-phpunit-main">
      <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/php/src</directory>
    </testsuite>
    <testsuite name="wc-phpunit-legacy">
      <directory suffix="-test.php">./tests/php/includes</directory>
    </testsuite>
  </testsuites>
</phpunit>

JavaScript/Jest Tests

Jest tests validate JavaScript and React component functionality.

Running Jest Tests

# Run all JavaScript tests (from root)
pnpm test

# Run tests for specific package
pnpm --filter='@woocommerce/components' test

# Run tests in watch mode
pnpm --filter='@woocommerce/components' test -- --watch

# Run tests with coverage
pnpm --filter='@woocommerce/components' test -- --coverage

Writing Jest Tests

Component Tests
Hook Tests
Utility Tests

OrderStatus.test.js

import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import { OrderStatus } from '../OrderStatus';

describe( 'OrderStatus', () => {
  it( 'renders pending status', () => {
    render( <OrderStatus status="pending" /> );
    expect( 
      screen.getByText( 'Pending' ) 
    ).toBeInTheDocument();
  } );
  
  it( 'renders completed status with icon', () => {
    render( <OrderStatus status="completed" /> );
    expect( 
      screen.getByTestId( 'status-icon' ) 
    ).toBeInTheDocument();
  } );
} );

useOrders.test.js

import { renderHook, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
import { useOrders } from '../useOrders';

describe( 'useOrders', () => {
  it( 'fetches orders on mount', async () => {
    const { result } = renderHook( () => useOrders() );
    
    await waitFor( () => {
      expect( result.current.isLoading ).toBe( false );
    } );
    
    expect( result.current.orders ).toHaveLength( 10 );
  } );
} );

formatPrice.test.js

import { formatPrice } from '../formatPrice';

describe( 'formatPrice', () => {
  it( 'formats price with currency symbol', () => {
    expect( formatPrice( 10.5 ) ).toBe( '$10.50' );
  } );
  
  it( 'handles zero price', () => {
    expect( formatPrice( 0 ) ).toBe( '$0.00' );
  } );
  
  it( 'rounds to two decimals', () => {
    expect( formatPrice( 10.999 ) ).toBe( '$11.00' );
  } );
} );

End-to-End (E2E) Tests

Playwright tests simulate real user interactions in a browser environment.

Running E2E Tests

# Install Playwright browsers (first time only)
pnpm test:e2e:install

# Run all E2E tests
pnpm test:e2e

# Run E2E tests with HPOS disabled
pnpm test:e2e:hpos-off

# Run E2E tests with Gutenberg stable
pnpm test:e2e:gb-stable

# Run E2E tests with Gutenberg nightly
pnpm test:e2e:gb-nightly

# Run with specific project
pnpm test:e2e:default --project=e2e

Running API Tests

# Run all API tests
pnpm test:api

# Run API tests with HPOS disabled
pnpm test:api:hpos-off

# Run API tests with object cache
pnpm test:api:object-cache

Writing E2E Tests

Create Test File

tests/e2e-pw/tests/merchant/create-order.spec.ts

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import { admin } from '@woocommerce/e2e-utils-playwright';

Write Test Cases

test.describe( 'Order Creation', () => {
  test.beforeEach( async ( { page } ) => {
    await admin.login( page );
  } );
  
  test( 'can create a new order', async ( { page } ) => {
    // Navigate to orders page
    await page.goto( '/wp-admin/edit.php?post_type=shop_order' );
    
    // Click add new
    await page.click( 'text=Add order' );
    
    // Fill order details
    await page.fill( '#order_status', 'pending' );
    
    // Save order
    await page.click( 'text=Create' );
    
    // Verify success
    await expect(
      page.locator( '.notice-success' )
    ).toBeVisible();
  } );
} );

E2E Test Helpers

import { 
  admin,
  customer,
  merchant,
  utils 
} from '@woocommerce/e2e-utils-playwright';

// Login as admin
await admin.login( page );

// Create product
const productId = await merchant.createSimpleProduct( {
  name: 'Test Product',
  regularPrice: '10.00',
} );

// Add to cart as customer
await customer.addToCart( productId );
await customer.goToCheckout();

Performance Tests

K6 performance tests measure system performance under load.

# Install K6
pnpm test:perf:install-k6

# Setup performance environment
pnpm env:perf

# Run performance tests
pnpm test:perf

# Run with CI setup
pnpm test:perf:ci-setup

Test Coverage Requirements

When contributing code, ensure appropriate test coverage:

What to Test

Coverage Guidelines

Aim for:

80%+ code coverage for new PHP classes
100% coverage for critical payment/order processing code
E2E tests for all user-facing features
API tests for all REST API endpoints

CI/CD Testing

All pull requests automatically run tests in CI:

Automated Test Runs

PHP Unit Tests: PHP 7.4, 8.5 with WordPress latest/latest-1
E2E Tests: Multiple shards for parallel execution
API Tests: Full API test suite
Linting: PHP, JavaScript, and markdown linting
PHPStan: Static analysis for type safety

Test Environments

CI tests run in multiple configurations:

# PHP versions
- PHP 7.4 + WP latest-1
- PHP 8.5 + WP latest
- PHP 8.5 + WP latest (HPOS disabled)

# E2E variations
- Default environment
- HPOS disabled
- Gutenberg stable
- Gutenberg nightly
- Legacy MiniCart

All tests must pass before a PR can be merged. Fix any failing tests before requesting review.

Debugging Tests

PHPUnit Debugging

# Run with verbose output
pnpm test:php:env -- --verbose

# Run single test with debugging
pnpm test:php:env -- --filter TestClassName --debug

# View wp-env logs
pnpm wp-env logs

Playwright Debugging

# Run in headed mode (see browser)
pnpm test:e2e -- --headed

# Debug mode (step through tests)
pnpm test:e2e -- --debug

# Generate trace
pnpm test:e2e -- --trace on

# View test report
pnpm playwright show-report

Common Testing Issues

Docker not running

Ensure Docker Desktop is running before starting wp-env:

# Check Docker status
docker ps

# Start Docker Desktop
open -a Docker  # macOS

Port conflicts

If port 8888 is in use, wp-env will fail to start:

# Check what's using the port
lsof -i :8888

# Kill the process
kill -9 <PID>

Database reset needed

Sometimes tests fail due to database state:

# Reset environment
pnpm env:restart

Chromium install fails

If Playwright browser installation fails:

# Manually install
pnpm playwright install chromium

# Install system dependencies
pnpm playwright install-deps

Contribution Guide

Testing Overview

PHPUnit

Jest

Playwright

Test Environment Setup

Prerequisites

Environment Commands

Environment Details

PHPUnit Tests

Running PHPUnit Tests

PHPUnit Test Structure

Writing PHPUnit Tests

PHPUnit Configuration

JavaScript/Jest Tests

Running Jest Tests

Writing Jest Tests

End-to-End (E2E) Tests

Running E2E Tests

Running API Tests

Writing E2E Tests

E2E Test Helpers

Performance Tests

Test Coverage Requirements

What to Test

Coverage Guidelines

CI/CD Testing

Automated Test Runs

Test Environments

Debugging Tests

PHPUnit Debugging

Playwright Debugging

Common Testing Issues

Next Steps

Git Workflow

Coding Standards

​Testing Overview

PHPUnit

Jest

Playwright

​Test Environment Setup

​Prerequisites

​Environment Commands

​Environment Details

​PHPUnit Tests

​Running PHPUnit Tests

​PHPUnit Test Structure

​Writing PHPUnit Tests

​PHPUnit Configuration

​JavaScript/Jest Tests

​Running Jest Tests

​Writing Jest Tests

​End-to-End (E2E) Tests

​Running E2E Tests

​Running API Tests

​Writing E2E Tests

​E2E Test Helpers

​Performance Tests

​Test Coverage Requirements

​What to Test

​Coverage Guidelines

​CI/CD Testing

​Automated Test Runs

​Test Environments

​Debugging Tests

​PHPUnit Debugging

​Playwright Debugging

​Common Testing Issues

​Next Steps

Git Workflow

Coding Standards

Testing Overview

Test Environment Setup

Prerequisites

Environment Commands

Environment Details

PHPUnit Tests

Running PHPUnit Tests

PHPUnit Test Structure

Writing PHPUnit Tests

PHPUnit Configuration

JavaScript/Jest Tests

Running Jest Tests

Writing Jest Tests

End-to-End (E2E) Tests

Running E2E Tests

Running API Tests

Writing E2E Tests

E2E Test Helpers

Performance Tests

Test Coverage Requirements

What to Test

Coverage Guidelines

CI/CD Testing

Automated Test Runs

Test Environments

Debugging Tests

PHPUnit Debugging

Playwright Debugging

Common Testing Issues

Next Steps