Bootstrap API

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Overview

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BootstrapClient

pub struct BootstrapClient

1. Checking TLD overrides first (for domains)
2. Fetching IANA bootstrap registries
3. Matching queries against registry entries
4. Returning authoritative RDAP server URLs

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new()

pub fn new() -> Result<BootstrapClient>

• HTTP client for fetching bootstrap registries
• Loaded configuration (bootstrap URLs, cache settings)
• TLD overrides for domain queries

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lookup()

pub async fn lookup(&self, request: &RdapRequest) -> Result<Vec<Url>>

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Lookup Strategy by Query Type

• Always directed to IANA RDAP server: https://rdap.iana.org/
• Used for querying TLD metadata (e.g., rdap google)

1. Check TLD overrides from tlds.json first
2. If override found, return that server URL
3. Otherwise, fetch IANA DNS bootstrap registry
4. Match domain against bootstrap entries

1. Determine IPv4 or IPv6 based on query format (: indicates IPv6)
2. Fetch appropriate bootstrap registry (ipv4.json or ipv6.json)
3. Normalize IP address (handles shorthand like 1.1 → 1.0.0.1)
4. Match IP against CIDR ranges in registry

1. Fetch ASN bootstrap registry
2. Strip “AS” prefix if present (case-insensitive)
3. Match AS number against ranges in registry

• Returns error: requires explicit server via -s/--server flag
• No global bootstrap for entity handles

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TLD Override Logic

• ccTLDs not in IANA bootstrap
• TLDs with incorrect bootstrap data
• Custom RDAP server configurations

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Override Priority

if let Some(url) = config::lookup_tld_override(&self.tld_overrides, &request.query) {
    return Ok(vec![url]);
}
// Fall back to IANA bootstrap

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Matching Algorithm

1. example.com.af (full domain)
2. com.af (second-level domain)
3. af (top-level domain)

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Example Overrides

{
  "io": "https://rdap.identitydigital.services/rdap/",
  "com.af": "https://rdap.coccaregistry.org/rdap/",
  "edu.af": "https://rdap.coccaregistry.org/rdap/"
}

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extract_tld()

pub fn extract_tld(domain: &str) -> String

1. Removes trailing dots
2. Converts to lowercase
3. Splits on . and returns the last component

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Bootstrap Registry Format

{
  "version": "1.0",
  "publication": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
  "description": "RDAP Bootstrap file for DNS",
  "services": [
    [
      ["com", "net"],
      ["https://rdap.verisign.com/com/v1/"]
    ],
    [
      ["org"],
      ["https://rdap.publicinterestregistry.org/"]
    ]
  ]
}

1. Array of entries (TLDs, IP ranges, or ASN ranges)
2. Array of RDAP server URLs

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DNS Bootstrap

[
  ["com", "net"],
  ["https://rdap.verisign.com/com/v1/"]
]

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IPv4/IPv6 Bootstrap

[
  ["1.0.0.0/8", "1.0.0.0/24"],
  ["https://rdap.apnic.net/"]
]

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ASN Bootstrap

[
  ["1-1876", "1877-1901"],
  ["https://rdap.arin.net/registry/"]
]

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Matching Algorithms

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Domain Matching

fn match_domain(&self, registry: &BootstrapRegistry, domain: &str) -> Vec<Url>

example.co.uk → try: example.co.uk, co.uk, uk

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IP Matching

fn match_ip(&self, registry: &BootstrapRegistry, ip_query: &str) -> Result<Vec<Url>>

1. Normalize IP (handles shorthand: 1.1 → 1.0.0.1)
2. Extract IP from CIDR if present (8.8.8.0/24 → 8.8.8.0)
3. Parse to IpAddr
4. Check if IP is contained in any CIDR range using ipnet crate

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ASN Matching

fn match_asn(&self, registry: &BootstrapRegistry, asn_str: &str) -> Result<Vec<Url>>

1. Strip “AS” prefix if present (case-insensitive)
2. Parse to u32
3. Check if ASN falls within any range:
   • Single ASN: "1000" → exact match
   • Range: "1000-2000" → asn >= 1000 && asn <= 2000

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Error Handling

• Invalid queries: Malformed IP addresses or ASNs
• Network failures: Unable to fetch bootstrap registries
• HTTP errors: Non-success status codes from IANA
• No match found: Query doesn’t match any bootstrap entry
• Unsupported query types: Entity queries without explicit server

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Example Usage

use rdap::bootstrap::BootstrapClient;
use rdap::request::{RdapRequest, QueryType};

let client = BootstrapClient::new()?;

// Domain query
let request = RdapRequest {
    query_type: QueryType::Domain,
    query: "example.com".to_string(),
};
let servers = client.lookup(&request).await?;

// IP query with shorthand
let request = RdapRequest {
    query_type: QueryType::Ip,
    query: "8.8".to_string(),  // Normalized to 8.0.0.8
};
let servers = client.lookup(&request).await?;

// ASN query
let request = RdapRequest {
    query_type: QueryType::Autnum,
    query: "AS64496".to_string(),
};
let servers = client.lookup(&request).await?;

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Related

• Configuration API - TLD overrides and bootstrap URLs
• Cache API - Bootstrap file caching