Documentation Index
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EnglishMatrix supports 7 tenses defined in the Tense enum. Every mode that involves sentences — generation, quiz, and the tense table — uses these tenses. Tenses are randomly selected during sentence generation unless a specific tense is forced via the forcedTense parameter.
enum Tense
{
PresentSimple, // I eat
PresentContinuous, // I am eating
PastSimple, // I ate
PastContinuous, // I was eating
FutureSimple, // I will eat
PresentPerfect, // I have eaten
Conditional // I would eat
}
TenseName():
static string TenseName(Tense t) => t switch
{
Tense.PresentSimple => "Presente simple",
Tense.PresentContinuous => "Presente continuo",
Tense.PastSimple => "Pasado simple",
Tense.PastContinuous => "Pasado continuo",
Tense.FutureSimple => "Futuro simple",
Tense.PresentPerfect => "Presente perfecto",
Tense.Conditional => "Condicional",
_ => ""
};
PresentSimple
Spanish label: Presente simple
Formation: Subject + base verb (+ -s/-es/-ies for 3rd-person singular)
| Subject | English form | Spanish form |
|---|
| I | I eat | como |
| She/He | She eats | come |
| We | We eat | comemos |
ConjugateEnglishPresent applies the following rules for 3rd-person subjects:
- Verb ends in
-y preceded by a consonant → drop -y, add -ies (e.g., study → studies)
- Verb ends in
-y preceded by a vowel → add -s (e.g., play → plays)
- Verb ends in
-s, -sh, -ch, -x, or -o → add -es (e.g., watch → watches)
- All other verbs → add
-s (e.g., eat → eats)
In question mode (SentenceMode.Question), the auxiliary Do / Does is placed before the subject and the verb reverts to its bare infinitive form.
PresentContinuous
Spanish label: Presente continuo
Formation: am/is/are + gerund (-ing form)
| Subject | English form | Spanish form |
|---|
| I | I am eating | estoy comiendo |
| She/He | She is eating | está comiendo |
| We | We are eating | estamos comiendo |
be form is selected in BuildEnglishVerb:
I → am- Third-person singular subjects (she, he, my mom, the teacher, etc.) →
is
we, they, you → are
In Spanish, BuildSpanishVerb uses estoy/está/estamos + the computed gerundio (e.g., comiendo, corriendo). In question mode the auxiliary Is/Am/Are is inverted before the subject.
PastSimple
Spanish label: Pasado simple
Formation: Past form of the verb (regular: -ed; irregular: looked up from verbList)
| Subject | English form | Spanish form |
|---|
| I | I ate | comí |
| She/He | She ate | comió |
| We | We ate | comimos |
GetPast() looks up the Past field from verbList. If a verb is not in verbList, it falls back to appending -ed. In question mode, auxiliary Did is placed before the subject and the verb reverts to its bare infinitive.
PastContinuous
Spanish label: Pasado continuo
Formation: was/were + gerund (-ing form)
| Subject | English form | Spanish form |
|---|
| I | I was eating | estaba comiendo |
| She/He | She was eating | estaba comiendo |
| We | We were eating | estábamos comiendo |
was/were form is selected:
I, he, she, it, and third-person singular subjects → waswe, they, you → were
In Spanish, BuildSpanishVerb uses estaba/estaba/estábamos + the gerundio. In question mode, Was/Were is inverted before the subject.
FutureSimple
Spanish label: Futuro simple
Formation (English): will + bare infinitive
Formation (Spanish): ir a + infinitivo (voy a/va a/vamos a)
| Subject | English form | Spanish form |
|---|
| I | I will eat | voy a comer |
| She/He | She will eat | va a comer |
| We | We will eat | vamos a comer |
ir a + infinitivo) in Spanish rather than the synthetic future tense, which is the natural equivalent at A1–A2 level. In question mode, Will is inverted before the subject.
PresentPerfect
Spanish label: Presente perfecto
Formation (English): have/has + past participle
Formation (Spanish): he/ha/hemos + participio pasado
| Subject | English form | Spanish form |
|---|
| I | I have eaten | he comido |
| She/He | She has eaten | ha comido |
| We | We have eaten | hemos comido |
GetParticiple() looks up the Participle field from verbList. Spanish past participles are computed by GetSpanishPastParticiple(), which applies -ado/-ido endings and handles irregular forms: abrir → abierto, escribir → escrito, hacer → hecho, poner → puesto, romper → roto, ver → visto, volver → vuelto, and others. In question mode, Has/Have is inverted before the subject.
Conditional
Spanish label: Condicional
Formation (English): would + bare infinitive
Formation (Spanish): conditional stem + -ía/-íamos endings
| Subject | English form | Spanish form |
|---|
| I | I would eat | comería |
| She/He | She would eat | comería |
| We | We would eat | comeríamos |
would never changes. In Spanish, BuildConditional() applies the appropriate endings to the Spanish infinitive stem, after checking for irregular stems.
The Conditional tense in Spanish uses special stem changes for certain irregular verbs. These are managed via a conditionalStems dictionary inside BuildSpanishVerb:| Spanish infinitive | Conditional stem |
|---|
| tener | tendr- |
| venir | vendr- |
| poder | podr- |
| poner | pondr- |
| salir | saldr- |
| hacer | har- |
| decir | dir- |
| querer | querr- |
| saber | sabr- |
-ía (yo/él) or -íamos (nosotros), for example comer → comería, correr → correría. Would is inverted before the subject.
Tense selection in modes
GenerateSentence accepts an optional Tense? forcedTense parameter:
static (string english, string spanish) GenerateSentence(
bool includePlace = true,
bool includeTime = true,
SentenceMode mode = SentenceMode.Normal,
Tense? forcedTense = null
)
var tense = forcedTense ?? (Tense)rnd.Next(7);
forcedTense = null (default): a random integer 0–6 is cast to the Tense enum, giving each of the 7 tenses an equal 1-in-7 probability of being selected for each sentence.forcedTense = Tense.PastSimple (or any other value): every sentence produced by that call uses exactly that tense. The tense label printed in output reflects whichever tense was used.
The tense label always appears in brackets at the start of both the English and Spanish output lines, e.g. [Pasado simple] She ate pizza at home.