Multi-Platform Development

Overview

Kinematrix is designed with platform abstraction in mind, allowing you to write code once and deploy it across multiple microcontroller platforms. This guide covers platform-specific considerations and best practices.

Supported Platforms

ESP32

Primary Target

240MHz dual-core
520KB SRAM
WiFi + Bluetooth
Full feature set

ESP8266

Secondary

80MHz single-core
80KB SRAM
WiFi only
Optimized features

Arduino AVR

Limited Support

16MHz
2KB SRAM (Uno)
Basic I/O
Core features only

Platform Detection

Kinematrix automatically detects the target platform at compile time:

#if defined(ESP32)
    // ESP32-specific code
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 256
    #define ENABLE_WIFI
#elif defined(ESP8266)
    // ESP8266-specific code
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 128
    #define ENABLE_WIFI
#else
    // Arduino AVR code
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 64
    #undef ENABLE_WIFI
#endif

Writing Portable Code

Platform-Agnostic Sensor Code

This example works on all platforms:

#define ENABLE_SENSOR_MODULE_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_DHT_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_ANALOG_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_UTILITY_V2
#include "Kinematrix.h"

SensorModuleV2 sensors;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    
    // Works on all platforms
    sensors.addSensor("temp", new DHTSensV2(2, DHT22));
    sensors.addSensor("light", new AnalogSensV2(A0, 5.0, 1023));
    
    sensors.init();
}

void loop() {
    sensors.update();
    
    if (sensors.isUpdated("temp")) {
        float temp = sensors.getValue<float>("temp", "temperature");
        Serial.print("Temperature: ");
        Serial.println(temp);
    }
    
    delay(1000);
}

Platform-Specific Features

Use conditional compilation for platform-specific features:

#define ENABLE_SENSOR_MODULE_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_DHT_V2

#if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
    #define ENABLE_MODULE_WIFI_HANDLER_V2
    #define ENABLE_MODULE_MQTT_MANAGER
#endif

#include "Kinematrix.h"

SensorModuleV2 sensors;

#if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
    WiFiHandlerV2 wifi;
    MQTTManager mqtt;
#endif

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    
    // Core functionality (all platforms)
    sensors.addSensor("temp", new DHTSensV2(2, DHT22));
    sensors.init();
    
    #if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
        // WiFi-enabled platforms only
        wifi.begin("YourSSID", "YourPassword");
        mqtt.begin("mqtt.example.com", 1883);
    #endif
}

void loop() {
    sensors.update();
    
    #if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
        wifi.handle();
        mqtt.loop();
        
        if (sensors.isUpdated("temp")) {
            float temp = sensors.getValue<float>("temp", "temperature");
            mqtt.publish("sensor/temperature", String(temp));
        }
    #endif
    
    delay(1000);
}

Memory Optimization

ESP32 (Generous Memory)

Full feature enablement is fine:

#define ENABLE_SENSOR_MODULE_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_DHT_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_BME680_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_INA219_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_FILTER_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_ALERT_SYSTEM_V2
#define ENABLE_MODULE_WIFI_HANDLER_V2
#define ENABLE_MODULE_MQTT_MANAGER
#define ENABLE_MODULE_PID_CONTROLLER
#include "Kinematrix.h"

ESP8266 (Moderate Memory)

Enable only required features:

// Core sensors only
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_MODULE_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_DHT_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_ANALOG_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_UTILITY_V2

// Essential WiFi features
#define ENABLE_MODULE_WIFI_HANDLER_V2
#define ENABLE_MODULE_MQTT_MANAGER

#include "Kinematrix.h"

Arduino AVR (Limited Memory)

Minimal feature set:

// Basic sensors only
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_MODULE_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_DHT_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_UTILITY_V2

#include "Kinematrix.h"

Platform-Specific Pin Mappings

ESP32

// Recommended pins for ESP32
#define I2C_SDA 21
#define I2C_SCL 22
#define DHT_PIN 4
#define ANALOG_PIN 34  // ADC1 channel
#define LED_PIN 2

void setup() {
    Wire.begin(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL);
    analogSetAttenuation(ADC_11db);  // For 0-3.3V range
}

ESP8266

// Recommended pins for ESP8266 (NodeMCU)
#define I2C_SDA D2  // GPIO4
#define I2C_SCL D1  // GPIO5
#define DHT_PIN D4  // GPIO2
#define ANALOG_PIN A0
#define LED_PIN D0  // GPIO16

void setup() {
    Wire.begin(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL);
}

Arduino Uno/Nano

// Standard Arduino pins
#define I2C_SDA A4
#define I2C_SCL A5
#define DHT_PIN 2
#define ANALOG_PIN A0
#define LED_PIN 13

void setup() {
    Wire.begin();  // Uses default pins
}

Complete Multi-Platform Example

Here’s a complete example that adapts to all platforms:

Platform Configuration

// Multi-platform pin definitions
#if defined(ESP32)
    #define DHT_PIN 4
    #define ANALOG_PIN 34
    #define I2C_SDA 21
    #define I2C_SCL 22
    #define ADC_RESOLUTION 4095
    #define ADC_VOLTAGE 3.3
#elif defined(ESP8266)
    #define DHT_PIN D4
    #define ANALOG_PIN A0
    #define I2C_SDA D2
    #define I2C_SCL D1
    #define ADC_RESOLUTION 1023
    #define ADC_VOLTAGE 3.3
#else  // Arduino AVR
    #define DHT_PIN 2
    #define ANALOG_PIN A0
    #define I2C_SDA A4
    #define I2C_SCL A5
    #define ADC_RESOLUTION 1023
    #define ADC_VOLTAGE 5.0
#endif

Module Configuration

#define ENABLE_SENSOR_MODULE_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_DHT_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_ANALOG_V2
#define ENABLE_SENSOR_UTILITY_V2

#if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
    #define ENABLE_MODULE_WIFI_HANDLER_V2
#endif

#include "Kinematrix.h"

Implementation

SensorModuleV2 sensors;

#if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
    WiFiHandlerV2 wifi;
#endif

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    
    // Print platform info
    #if defined(ESP32)
        Serial.println("Platform: ESP32");
    #elif defined(ESP8266)
        Serial.println("Platform: ESP8266");
    #else
        Serial.println("Platform: Arduino AVR");
    #endif
    
    // Initialize sensors (works on all platforms)
    sensors.addSensor("temp", new DHTSensV2(DHT_PIN, DHT22));
    sensors.addSensor("analog", new AnalogSensV2(ANALOG_PIN, ADC_VOLTAGE, ADC_RESOLUTION));
    sensors.init();
    
    // Initialize WiFi (ESP only)
    #if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
        wifi.begin("YourSSID", "YourPassword");
    #endif
}

void loop() {
    sensors.update();
    
    #if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
        wifi.handle();
    #endif
    
    if (sensors.isUpdated("temp")) {
        float temp = sensors.getValue<float>("temp", "temperature");
        float humidity = sensors.getValue<float>("temp", "humidity");
        
        Serial.print("Temp: ");
        Serial.print(temp);
        Serial.print("°C, Humidity: ");
        Serial.print(humidity);
        Serial.println("%");
        
        #if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
            if (wifi.isConnected()) {
                Serial.println("WiFi: Connected");
            }
        #endif
    }
    
    delay(2000);
}

PlatformIO Configuration

Use PlatformIO for easy multi-platform development:

[platformio]
default_envs = esp32

[env:esp32]
platform = espressif32
board = esp32dev
framework = arduino
monitor_speed = 115200

[env:esp8266]
platform = espressif8266
board = nodemcuv2
framework = arduino
monitor_speed = 115200

[env:uno]
platform = atmelavr
board = uno
framework = arduino
monitor_speed = 115200

Build for specific platform:

pio run -e esp32        # Build for ESP32
pio run -e esp8266      # Build for ESP8266
pio run -e uno          # Build for Arduino Uno

Feature Availability Matrix

Feature	ESP32	ESP8266	Arduino AVR
Basic Sensors	✅	✅	✅
SensorModuleV2	✅	✅	✅
Data Filters	✅	✅	⚠️ Limited
Alert System	✅	✅	⚠️ Limited
WiFi Modules	✅	✅	❌
MQTT	✅	✅	❌
Firebase	✅	✅	❌
PID Controller	✅	✅	✅
Fuzzy Logic	✅	⚠️ Limited	❌
Machine Learning	✅	⚠️ Limited	❌
SD Card	✅	⚠️ SPI only	✅
Display Menus	✅	✅	✅

Best Practices

1. Use Platform Detection Macros

#if defined(ESP32)
    // ESP32 code
#elif defined(ESP8266)
    // ESP8266 code
#else
    // Arduino code
#endif

2. Abstract Hardware Differences

// Create platform-agnostic constants
const int DHT_PIN = 
    #if defined(ESP32)
        4
    #elif defined(ESP8266)
        D4
    #else
        2
    #endif
;

3. Test on Multiple Platforms

Regularly test your code on all target platforms to catch platform-specific issues early.

4. Document Platform Requirements

/**
 * Multi-Platform Temperature Logger
 * 
 * Supported Platforms:
 * - ESP32: Full features including WiFi
 * - ESP8266: WiFi support with reduced memory
 * - Arduino Uno: Basic logging only
 * 
 * Memory Requirements:
 * - ESP32: ~50KB
 * - ESP8266: ~30KB
 * - Arduino Uno: ~15KB
 */

Troubleshooting Platform Issues

Compilation errors on specific platform

Check if all required modules are enabled
Verify pin definitions are correct for platform
Ensure feature is supported on target platform
Check PlatformIO configuration for correct board

Out of memory errors

Reduce number of enabled modules
Use simpler data structures
Decrease buffer sizes
Consider upgrading to platform with more memory

Different behavior on different platforms

Check ADC resolution differences (10-bit vs 12-bit)
Verify voltage reference (3.3V vs 5V)
Review timing-sensitive code
Test I2C clock speeds

Next Steps

Debugging

Platform-specific debugging techniques

Basic Sensor Reading

Review sensor fundamentals

IoT Data Logger

Build cross-platform data loggers

LED Control

Platform-agnostic LED control

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Sensor Framework

Communication

Control Algorithms

WiFi & Cloud Services

AutoLight System

Guides

​Overview

​Supported Platforms

ESP32

ESP8266

Arduino AVR

​Platform Detection

​Writing Portable Code

​Platform-Agnostic Sensor Code

​Platform-Specific Features

​Memory Optimization

​ESP32 (Generous Memory)

​ESP8266 (Moderate Memory)

​Arduino AVR (Limited Memory)

​Platform-Specific Pin Mappings

​ESP32

​ESP8266

​Arduino Uno/Nano

​Complete Multi-Platform Example

​PlatformIO Configuration

​Feature Availability Matrix

​Best Practices

​1. Use Platform Detection Macros

​2. Abstract Hardware Differences

​3. Test on Multiple Platforms

​4. Document Platform Requirements

​Troubleshooting Platform Issues

​Next Steps

Debugging

Basic Sensor Reading

IoT Data Logger

LED Control

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Supported Platforms

Platform Detection

Writing Portable Code

Platform-Agnostic Sensor Code

Platform-Specific Features

Memory Optimization

ESP32 (Generous Memory)

ESP8266 (Moderate Memory)

Arduino AVR (Limited Memory)

Platform-Specific Pin Mappings

ESP32

ESP8266

Arduino Uno/Nano

Complete Multi-Platform Example

PlatformIO Configuration

Feature Availability Matrix

Best Practices

1. Use Platform Detection Macros

2. Abstract Hardware Differences

3. Test on Multiple Platforms

4. Document Platform Requirements

Troubleshooting Platform Issues

Next Steps