Deployment

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Overview

Deploying a frontend application involves more than just uploading files. This guide covers build optimization, hosting platforms, CI/CD pipelines, and production best practices.

Build Optimization

Configure Production Build

package.json

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "vite",
    "build": "tsc && vite build",
    "preview": "vite preview",
    "build:analyze": "vite-bundle-visualizer"
  }
}

Environment Variables

.env.production

VITE_API_URL=https://api.production.com
VITE_APP_ENV=production
VITE_ENABLE_ANALYTICS=true
VITE_SENTRY_DSN=your-sentry-dsn

config.ts

export const config = {
  apiUrl: import.meta.env.VITE_API_URL,
  environment: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_ENV,
  enableAnalytics: import.meta.env.VITE_ENABLE_ANALYTICS === 'true',
  sentryDsn: import.meta.env.VITE_SENTRY_DSN,
};

Build Configuration

vite.config.ts

import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react';
import { compression } from 'vite-plugin-compression';

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    react(),
    compression({
      algorithm: 'gzip',
      ext: '.gz',
    }),
  ],
  build: {
    rollupOptions: {
      output: {
        manualChunks: {
          'react-vendor': ['react', 'react-dom', 'react-router-dom'],
          'ui-vendor': ['@radix-ui/react-dialog', '@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu'],
        },
      },
    },
    chunkSizeWarningLimit: 1000,
    sourcemap: true,
  },
});

Use code splitting and lazy loading to reduce initial bundle size. Load routes and heavy components on demand.

Code Splitting

routes.tsx

import { lazy, Suspense } from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter, Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom';

// Lazy load route components
const Dashboard = lazy(() => import('./pages/Dashboard'));
const Profile = lazy(() => import('./pages/Profile'));
const Settings = lazy(() => import('./pages/Settings'));
const AdminPanel = lazy(() => import('./pages/AdminPanel'));

function LoadingFallback() {
  return (
    <div className="flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen">
      <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-12 w-12 border-b-2 border-blue-600" />
    </div>
  );
}

export function AppRoutes() {
  return (
    <BrowserRouter>
      <Suspense fallback={<LoadingFallback />}>
        <Routes>
          <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
          <Route path="/dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
          <Route path="/profile" element={<Profile />} />
          <Route path="/settings" element={<Settings />} />
          <Route path="/admin" element={<AdminPanel />} />
        </Routes>
      </Suspense>
    </BrowserRouter>
  );
}

Hosting Platforms

Vercel
Netlify
AWS S3 + CloudFront
Docker

Perfect for Next.js and React applications with zero configuration.

vercel.json

{
  "buildCommand": "npm run build",
  "outputDirectory": "dist",
  "devCommand": "npm run dev",
  "installCommand": "npm install",
  "framework": "vite",
  "rewrites": [
    {
      "source": "/(.*)",
      "destination": "/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "headers": [
    {
      "source": "/(.*)",
      "headers": [
        {
          "key": "X-Content-Type-Options",
          "value": "nosniff"
        },
        {
          "key": "X-Frame-Options",
          "value": "DENY"
        },
        {
          "key": "X-XSS-Protection",
          "value": "1; mode=block"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "/static/(.*)",
      "headers": [
        {
          "key": "Cache-Control",
          "value": "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Deploy:

npm i -g vercel
vercel --prod

Great for static sites with built-in CI/CD and edge functions.

netlify.toml

[build]
  command = "npm run build"
  publish = "dist"

[[redirects]]
  from = "/*"
  to = "/index.html"
  status = 200

[[headers]]
  for = "/*"
  [headers.values]
    X-Frame-Options = "DENY"
    X-XSS-Protection = "1; mode=block"
    X-Content-Type-Options = "nosniff"
    Referrer-Policy = "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"

[[headers]]
  for = "/static/*"
  [headers.values]
    Cache-Control = "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"

Deploy:

npm i -g netlify-cli
netlify deploy --prod

Scalable solution with full control over infrastructure.

buildspec.yml

version: 0.2

phases:
  install:
    runtime-versions:
      nodejs: 18
  pre_build:
    commands:
      - npm install
  build:
    commands:
      - npm run build

artifacts:
  files:
    - '**/*'
  base-directory: dist

S3 Bucket Policy:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "PublicReadGetObject",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": "*",
      "Action": "s3:GetObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::your-bucket-name/*"
    }
  ]
}

Containerized deployment for any platform.

Dockerfile

# Build stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM nginx:alpine
COPY --from=builder /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

nginx.conf

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name _;
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  index index.html;
  
  location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
  }
  
  location /static {
    expires 1y;
    add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
  }
  
  gzip on;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
}

Build and Run:

docker build -t my-app .
docker run -p 80:80 my-app

CI/CD Pipeline

name: Deploy to Production

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

env:
  NODE_VERSION: '18'

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Run linting
        run: npm run lint
      
      - name: Run type check
        run: npm run type-check
      
      - name: Run tests
        run: npm run test:ci
      
      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          files: ./coverage/coverage-final.json
  
  build:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Build application
        run: npm run build
        env:
          VITE_API_URL: ${{ secrets.VITE_API_URL }}
          VITE_SENTRY_DSN: ${{ secrets.VITE_SENTRY_DSN }}
      
      - name: Upload build artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: dist
          path: dist/
  
  deploy:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Download build artifacts
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: dist
          path: dist/
      
      - name: Deploy to Vercel
        uses: amondnet/vercel-action@v25
        with:
          vercel-token: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
          vercel-org-id: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_ORG_ID }}
          vercel-project-id: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_PROJECT_ID }}
          vercel-args: '--prod'

stages:
  - test
  - build
  - deploy

variables:
  NODE_VERSION: "18"

test:
  stage: test
  image: node:${NODE_VERSION}
  cache:
    paths:
      - node_modules/
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm run lint
    - npm run type-check
    - npm run test:ci
  coverage: '/All files[^|]*\|[^|]*\s+([\d\.]+)/'
  artifacts:
    reports:
      coverage_report:
        coverage_format: cobertura
        path: coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml

build:
  stage: build
  image: node:${NODE_VERSION}
  only:
    - main
  cache:
    paths:
      - node_modules/
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm run build
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - dist/
    expire_in: 1 hour

deploy:production:
  stage: deploy
  image: alpine:latest
  only:
    - main
  before_script:
    - apk add --no-cache curl
  script:
    - curl -X POST $WEBHOOK_URL
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://your-app.com

Always run tests and type checking in your CI pipeline before deploying. Catch errors early in the development process.

Performance Optimization

Asset Optimization

ImageOptimization.tsx

// Use modern image formats
export function OptimizedImage({ src, alt }: { src: string; alt: string }) {
  return (
    <picture>
      <source srcSet={`${src}.webp`} type="image/webp" />
      <source srcSet={`${src}.jpg`} type="image/jpeg" />
      <img
        src={`${src}.jpg`}
        alt={alt}
        loading="lazy"
        decoding="async"
        className="w-full h-auto"
      />
    </picture>
  );
}

// Preload critical assets
export function PreloadCriticalAssets() {
  return (
    <>
      <link rel="preload" href="/fonts/inter-var.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossOrigin="anonymous" />
      <link rel="preload" href="/critical.css" as="style" />
      <link rel="preconnect" href="https://api.yourapp.com" />
    </>
  );
}

Caching Strategy

cache-config.ts

// Service Worker for offline support
export function registerServiceWorker() {
  if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
    window.addEventListener('load', () => {
      navigator.serviceWorker
        .register('/sw.js')
        .then(registration => {
          console.log('SW registered:', registration);
        })
        .catch(error => {
          console.log('SW registration failed:', error);
        });
    });
  }
}

public/sw.js

const CACHE_NAME = 'my-app-v1';
const urlsToCache = [
  '/',
  '/static/css/main.css',
  '/static/js/main.js',
];

self.addEventListener('install', (event) => {
  event.waitUntil(
    caches.open(CACHE_NAME)
      .then((cache) => cache.addAll(urlsToCache))
  );
});

self.addEventListener('fetch', (event) => {
  event.respondWith(
    caches.match(event.request)
      .then((response) => response || fetch(event.request))
  );
});

Monitoring and Error Tracking

monitoring.ts

import * as Sentry from '@sentry/react';
import { BrowserTracing } from '@sentry/tracing';

export function initMonitoring() {
  if (import.meta.env.PROD) {
    Sentry.init({
      dsn: import.meta.env.VITE_SENTRY_DSN,
      integrations: [
        new BrowserTracing(),
        new Sentry.Replay({
          maskAllText: true,
          blockAllMedia: true,
        }),
      ],
      tracesSampleRate: 0.1,
      replaysSessionSampleRate: 0.1,
      replaysOnErrorSampleRate: 1.0,
      environment: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_ENV,
      beforeSend(event, hint) {
        // Filter out non-critical errors
        if (event.level === 'warning') {
          return null;
        }
        return event;
      },
    });
  }
}

// Analytics
export function trackPageView(page: string) {
  if (window.gtag) {
    window.gtag('config', 'GA_MEASUREMENT_ID', {
      page_path: page,
    });
  }
}

export function trackEvent(eventName: string, parameters?: Record<string, any>) {
  if (window.gtag) {
    window.gtag('event', eventName, parameters);
  }
}

Security Headers

security-headers.ts

export const securityHeaders = {
  'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY',
  'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff',
  'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block',
  'Referrer-Policy': 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin',
  'Permissions-Policy': 'camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=()',
  'Content-Security-Policy': [
    "default-src 'self'",
    "script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https://cdn.example.com",
    "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com",
    "img-src 'self' data: https:",
    "font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com",
    "connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com",
    "frame-ancestors 'none'",
    "base-uri 'self'",
    "form-action 'self'",
  ].join('; '),
};

Never commit API keys, tokens, or sensitive credentials to version control. Use environment variables and secret management services.

Production Checklist

Rollback Strategy

rollback.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Rollback to previous deployment
echo "Rolling back to previous version..."

# Vercel
vercel rollback

# Netlify
netlify rollback

# Docker
docker tag my-app:previous my-app:latest
docker push my-app:latest

# AWS S3
aws s3 sync s3://backup-bucket/previous-build s3://production-bucket --delete

echo "Rollback complete"

Next Steps

Optimize Data Fetching for production
Review Authentication security practices
Continue improving with Building Components

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Development

Guides

Overview

Build Optimization

Code Splitting

Hosting Platforms

CI/CD Pipeline

Performance Optimization

Asset Optimization

Caching Strategy

Monitoring and Error Tracking

Security Headers

Production Checklist

Rollback Strategy

Next Steps

​Overview

​Build Optimization

​Code Splitting

​Hosting Platforms

​CI/CD Pipeline

​Performance Optimization

​Asset Optimization

​Caching Strategy

​Monitoring and Error Tracking

​Security Headers

​Production Checklist

​Rollback Strategy

​Next Steps

Overview

Build Optimization

Code Splitting

Hosting Platforms

CI/CD Pipeline

Performance Optimization

Asset Optimization

Caching Strategy

Monitoring and Error Tracking

Security Headers

Production Checklist

Rollback Strategy

Next Steps